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OpK9s undergoing successful surgical management for GDV 12. Brockman DJ, Holt DE, Washabau RJ. Pathogenesis of acute gas-
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13. Glickman LT, Glickman NW, Schellenberg DB, et al. Incidence
Key Points of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in
dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;216(1):40–45.
• GDV is a life-threatening condition that requires imme- 14. Glickman LT, Glickman NW, Schellenberg DB, et al. Non-dietary
diate surgical intervention. risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in large and giant breed
• Conclusive evidence regarding risk factors that predis- dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;217(10):1492–1499.
pose an OpK9 to GDV is lacking. Most OpK9s do fit 15. Schellenberg DB, Yi Q, Glickman NW, et al. Influence of thoracic
the large-breed, deep-chested conformation, and they conformation and genetics on the risk of gastric dilatation-volvu-
lus in Irish Setters. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1998;34(1):64–73.
routinely experience a stressful work environment, both 16. Raghavan M, Glickman NW, Glickman LT. The effect of ingredi-
of which are repeatedly cited as risk factors associated ents in dry dog foods on the risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus in
with the occurrence of GDV in at-risk breeds. dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2006;42(1):28–36.
• Prophylactic gastropexy may significantly reduce the in- 17. Moore GE, Burkman KD, Carter MN, et al. Causes of death
cidence of GDV in OpK9. or reasons for euthanasia in military working dogs: 927 cases
• Early recognition along with prompt prehospital treat- (1993–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001;219(2):209–214.
ment (i.e., gastric decompression, fluid resuscitation) 18. Jennings PB Jr, Butzin CA. Epidemiology of gastric dilata-
tion-volvulus in the military working dog program. Mil Med.
are paramount for increasing survivability in OpK9s 1992;157(7):369–371.
experiencing GDV. 19. Buckley LA. Are dogs that eat quickly more likely to develop
• Percutaneous placement of a pigtail gastrotomy catheter a gastric dilatation (+/–volvulus) than dogs that eat slowly? Vet
may provide sustained gastric decompression for pro- Evidence. 2016;1(4):1–18.
longed field care scenarios. 20. Buckley LA. Are dogs fed a kibble-based diet more likely to expe-
• With timely surgical intervention to correct GDV, rience an episode of gastric dilatation volvulus than dogs fed an
alternative diet? Vet Evidence. 2017;2(2):1–21.
OpK9s have an overall good to fair prognosis for return 21. Pipan M, Brown DC, Battaglia CL, et al. An Internet-based sur-
to duty. vey of risk factors for surgical gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012;240(12):1456–1462.
Disclosure 22. Dujowich M, Keller ME, Reimer SB. Evaluation of short- and
The author has indicated no financial relationships relevant to long-term complications after endoscopically assisted gastropexy
this article to disclose. in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010;236:2:177–182.
23. Rawlings CA, Mahaffey MB, Bement S, et al. Prospective evalua-
tion of laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs susceptible to gas-
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