Page 118 - JSOM Winter 2019

FIGURE 2 Concept of exercise example for squad-sized unit.

Step 2: Execution starts with a demonstration of the complete skill, then divi-
When conducting the training, there is some room to “wing” sion of the sequence into segments, and then practice of each
certain things, but it is necessary to have a complete lesson plan. segment together with the students several times. After having
trained each segment independently, combine and practice the
There are aspects of student instructor interaction to con- complete sequence. The focus for the instructor lies in ensur-
sider when holding a lesson such as authentic gestures and ing that the students exert the skill with absolute accuracy and
attitude, avoiding speaking without inflection, and using an precision. This is a crucial phase and lays the foundation for
audience-orientated language that includes specifically chosen students to be successful later.
repetitions while keeping it humorous.
Only after the first phase is completed may the consolidation
Different training methods suitable during each of the three phase begin. The goal is to acquire confidence and skills auto-
phases (Table 1). 5 mation and to apply knowledge while being under stressors.

TABLE 1 Structure of Training A reliable method for this is drill, which can be conducted as
Phase Goal Methods Check on: individual or squad training. The drill circuit combines dif-
Learning Error-free Lecture Accuracy ferent skills in succession in a circuit of several stations, per-
execution of the Demonstrate Precision forming a skill for a set number of times. It is important to
skill Participate make a distinction in this phase, to keep it strictly technical
Imitate and not about tactics. The drill has to focus on achieving a
Consolidation Acquire safety Drill “Safety of clear goal. The motions must be standardized to assess errors
and automation Integrate skill” quickly when observing multiple students at once. Drill means
in execution difficulties, Accuracy,
under difficult distractions, speed, to do several trainings in which a skill is performed multiple
conditions time limits precision times 100% correct.
Application Application Orders to Execution of
in practical individuals, unit order The drilling focus is to consolidate the expertise and precision
exercises Accomplishing of a skill. When sufficient competence is achieved, additional
Independent task mission stressors like time pressure should then be added.
solving objectives
For students to reach the application phase, they must first
The purpose of the first phase, the learning phase, is to ac- pass a competency assessment of the consolidation phase.
quire the knowledge theoretically and practically. Learn how
to perform a skill perfectly correct with all equipment needed The third and last phase is the application phase. What remains
present and without added external pressure. is to apply the skills and knowledge in practical and tactical
exercises. The student must be able to apply the knowledge
A lecture serves well to introduce the topic, if a practical and solve tasks independently. The focus lies on the mission
demonstration is not feasible. The practical focused method given and the result delivered by the students.

116 | JSOM Volume 19, Edition 4 / Winter 2019