Page 119 - JSOM Winter 2019

Step 3: Evaluation We identified the following four points as the most essential to
Evaluations are necessary to assess whether a set training goal enhance training efficiency:
was achieved completely or only partially and to monitor the
performance. The test has to be based on the previously con- 1. During the learning phase, skills training must start with
ducted trainings, with clear, unambiguous, and openly com- a perfect example set by a proficient cadre, followed by
municated parameters for passing or failing. The unsatisfying step-by-step, hands-on, skill training by the students in an
performance has to then be analyzed by the instructor—here optimal environment and with all equipment to develop the
it is crucial to ask WHY the student did not perform as ex- aptitude.
pected (Figure 3). 2. In the learning and consolidation phases, it is crucial that
only one way is correct, the proper equipment is available,
Testing can vary from practically to verbally or written and and all instructors are 100% standardized in how the skills
can be conducted on an individual or a group level. are taught and performed.
3. Do not move on to the application phase before the consol-
Any grading scale will work as long as the students understand idation phase is fully completed and the student skill profi-
their ranking based on their performance. ciencies meet standards.
4. If time is not sufficient to properly go through all phases of
FIGURE 3 Example for evaluation sheet, NPA application. 6 training, it is recommended that the focus lies on the learn-
Evaluation Completed ing and consolidation phases. The application phase can be
Task First Second Third done at the unit or even as premission training.
Assessed the upper airway for
visible obstruction pass/fail pass/fail pass/fail Acknowledgments
Opened the airway with a chin lift/ pass/fail pass/fail pass/fail The authors give special thanks to Mike Hetzler and Fabian
jaw thrust maneuver Hürbin for their support and assistance in writing this article.
Lubricated the NPA with a surgical pass/fail pass/fail pass/fail
lubricant Author Contributions
Inserted the airway into the nose This contribution was designed, drafted, and revised by both
at 90° angle to the face. Avoided pass/fail pass/fail pass/fail authors. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
aiming toward the top of the head.
Inserted all the way to the flange. Financial Disclosure
Used a rotary and/or back-and-forth The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this
motion to facilitate insertion. pass/fail pass/fail pass/fail article to disclose.
If unable to insert on one side of the
nasal passage, took the NPA out pass/fail pass/fail pass/fail
and inserted it on the other side. Funding Disclaimer
Critical criteria: The authors have no source of funding to report.
• Aimed the NPA toward the top of the head during insertion.
• Performed the procedure in a manner that was dangerous to the References
casualty. 1. Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS). RS-
Start 2019: Rund 11’200 Rekruten und 3’000 Kader erwartet. Jan-
uary 14, 2019. https://www.nau.ch/gemeinde/menschen/1-rs-start
Step 4: Consequences -2019-rund-11200-rekruten-und-3000-kader-erwartet-65471886
Underperforming students require additional time for clearing Accessed June 8, 2019.
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in the US—its purpose, importance and commentary on military
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ing. J Mil Vet Health. 2012;20(4):4–13.
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cerne, Switzerland: Armed Forces College Leadership Training
1. Describe the action and what was achieved or not achieved. Academy; 2017.
2. What were the results of actions? Were they wrong? Was it 5. Joint Trauma System. Tactical Combat Casualty Care-Military
wrong? Did it help to accomplish the task? Personnel Curriculum Update, August 1, 2018. Joint Base San
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etc.

Closing
The fact that training time is too short for the sustainment of
all skills for Special Operations is unquestionable. This chal-
lenge makes it critical to teach and sustain skills more effi-
ciently and effectively. This presentation of the Swiss model
only scratches the surface and does not reinvent the wheel, but
it is meant to highlight key points in methodology to consider.

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