Page 87 - JSOM Summer 2018

reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the De- 9. Robinson JB, Smith MP, Gross KR, et al. Battlefield documenta-
partment of Defense unless otherwise stated. This document tion of Tactical Combat Casualty Care in Afghanistan. US Army
was reviewed by the public affairs officer, operational security Med Dep J. 2016;Apr–Sep:87–94.
officer, and commander of the 160th Special Operations Avi- 10. Schauer SG, April MD, Naylor JF, et al. A descriptive analysis of
ation Regiment, US Army Special Operations Command, and data from the Department of Defense Joint Trauma System prehos-
pital trauma registry. US Army Med Dep J. 2017;Oct–Dec:92–97.
approved for public release on 8 June 2017. 11. Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Miles EA, et al. Leadership and
a casualty response system for eliminating preventable death.
Disclosure J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;82(6S suppl 1):S9–S15.
The authors have nothing to disclose. 12. Owens BD, Kragh JF Jr, Wenke JC, et al. Combat wounds in
Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.
J Trauma. 2008;64(2):295–299.
Author Contributions 13. Belmont PJ Jr, McCriskin BJ, Sieg RN, et al. Combat wounds in
TR abstracted the data, AM provided data analysis, and TR, Iraq and Afghanistan from 2005 to 2009. J Trauma Acute Care
KM, BB, ER, JM, and RK wrote and edited the article. Surg. 2012;73(1):3–12.
14. Eastridge BJ, Mabry RL, Seguin P, et al. Death on the battlefield
References (2001–2011): implications for the future of combat casualty care.
1. US Army Special Operations Command. 160th Special Operations J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6 Suppl 5):S431–437.
Aviation Regiment (Airborne). http://www.soc.mil/USASOAC/160th 15. Mabry RL, Apodaca A, Penrod J, et al. Impact of critical care-
.html. Accessed 22 November 2017. trained flight paramedics on casualty survival during helicopter
2. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Joint Publication 4-02. Health Service Sup- evacuation in the current war in Afghanistan. J Trauma Acute
port. 26 July 2012. https://fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp4_02.pdf. Ac- Care Surg. 2012;73(2 suppl 1):S32–37.
cessed 21 January 2018. 16. Clarke JE, Davis PR. Medical evacuation and triage of combat ca-
3. Kotwal RS, Staudt AM, Trevino JD, et al. A review of casualties sualties in Helmand Province, Afghanistan: October 2010-April
transported to Role 2 medical treatment facilities in Afghanistan. 2011. Mil Med. 2012;177(11):1261–1266.
Mil Med. In press. 17. Morrison JJ, Oh J, DuBose JJ, et al. En-route care capability from
4. Kotwal RS, Howard JT, Orman JA, et al. The effect of a golden point of injury impacts mortality after severe wartime injury. Ann
hour policy on the morbidity and mortality of combat casualties. Surg. 2013;257(2):330–334.
JAMA Surg. 2016;151(1):15–24. 18. Apodaca A, Olson CM Jr, Bailey J, et al. Performance improve-
5. Bellamy RF. The causes of death in conventional land warfare: im- ment evaluation of forward aeromedical evacuation platforms in
plications for combat casualty care research. Mil Med. 1984;149 Operation Enduring Freedom. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;
(2):55–62. 75(2 suppl 2):S157–S163.
6. Butler FK Jr, Hagmann J, Butler EG. Tactical Combat Casualty 19. Maddry JK, Mora AG, Savell S, et al. Combat MEDEVAC: a
Care in special operations. Mil Med. 1996;161(suppl):3–16. comparison of care by provider type for en route trauma care in
7. Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Mechler KK. A prehospital trauma theater and 30-day patient outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg.
registry for Tactical Combat Casualty Care. US Army Med Dep J. 2016;81(5 suppl 2):S104–S110.
2011;Apr–Jun:15–17.
8. Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Kotwal BM, et al. Eliminating
preventable death on the battlefield. Arch Surg. 2011;146(12):
1350–1358.

APPENDIX A Data Dictionary
Data Category Format Description
Date DD–MM–YY Date of casualty evacuation
Medic Last Name/s Names of medics on transport (e.g., if one name, one provider on flight; if two names, two
providers on flight). On occasion, there may be a ground-force medical provider who came
onboard the aircraft. This usually was noted in comments.
No. of patients X of X Casualty number and total number of patients transported (e.g., one of six, two of six)
Time of flight Numeric How long it took the helicopter to fly from the point of injury to the Role 2 or 3 hospital.
This did not include how long it took 160th SOAR aircraft to fly to the point of injury.
Wounds Text Description
Interventions
Tourniquets Text Tourniquet name and number. In general, these will be C-A-T tourniquets (C-A-T Resources
Inc, http://combattourniquet.com/), unless otherwise noted.
Intravenous fluids Text Vascular access type and fluid type
Antibiotics Text Antibiotic name
Pain medications Text Medication name, dose, route
Other Text List of other procedures (e.g., dressings, oxygen, needle decompression)
Hypothermia Text Hypothermia prevention type
Monitoring Text Monitoring type
Documentation Text Documentation type
Outcomes Text Killed in action, died of wounds, unstable, stable
Comments Text Free-text comments

CASEVAC Missions During Afghan Conflict | 85