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22. Tanev KS, Pentel KZ, Kredlow MA, et al. PTSD and TBI co- 40. Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ, Kim Y, et al. Low-grade chronic inflamma-
morbidity: scope, clinical presentation and treatment options. tion perpetuated by modern diet as a promoter of obesity and
Brain Inj. 2014;28:261–270. osteoporosis. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2014;65:139–148.
23. Ruff RM, Iverson GL, Barth JT, et al. Recommendations for 41. Minshall D. Gulf War Syndrome: a review of current knowledge
diagnosing a mild traumatic brain injury: a National Acad- and understanding. J R Nav Med Serv. 2014;100:252–258.
emy of Neuropsychology education paper. Arch Clin Neuro- 42. Veitch DP, Friedl KE, Weiner MW. Military risk factors for
psychol. 2009;24:3–10. cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Al-
24. Maas AI, Harrison-Felix CL, Menon D, et al. Common data zheimer Res. 2013;10:907–930.
elements for traumatic brain injury: recommendations from 43. Hermes G, Ajioka JW, Kelly KA, et al. Neurological and be-
the interagency working group on demographics and clinical havioral abnormalities, ventricular dilatation, altered cellular
assessment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1641–1649. functions, inflammation, and neuronal injury in brains of
25. Saatman KE, Duhaime AC, Bullock R, et al. Classification of mice due to common, persistent, parasitic infection. J Neuro-
traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies. J Neurotrauma. inflammation. 2008;5:48.
2008;25:719–738. 44. Teeling JL, Perry VH. Systemic infection and inflammation in
26. Reger MA, Gahm GA, Swanson RD, et al. Association be- acute CNS injury and chronic neurodegeneration: underlying
tween number of deployments to Iraq and mental health mechanisms. Neuroscience. 2009;158:1062–1073.
screening outcomes in US Army soldiers. J Clin Psychiatry.
2009;70:1266–1272.
27. Gronwall D, Wrightson P. Cumulative effect of concussion.
Lancet. 1975;306:995–997.
28. Guskiewicz KM, McCrea M, Marshall SW, et al. Cumula- Dr Figueroa is cofounder and president of the Brain Health
tive effects associated with recurrent concussion in colle- & Healing Foundation and former director of Scientific Re-
giate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA. search at the Restorix Research Institute. Dr Figueroa has
2003;290:2549–2555. been performing neurological clinical research since 1995 in
29. Richmond E, Rogol AD. Traumatic brain injury: endocrine the field of Alzheimer’s research, as well as basic research in
consequences in children and adults. Endocrine. 2014;45:3–8. neuron biology, cancer research, bioengineering, and the bio-
30. Pekic S, Popovic V. Alternative causes of hypopituitarism: physics of water in cells. Dr Figueroa received his doctoral de-
traumatic brain injury, cranial irradiation, and infections. gree in 2003 from the University of Washington’s Program in
In: Eric Fliers MK, Johannes AR, eds. Handbook of clini- Neurobiology & Behavior in the Department of Environmen-
cal neurology. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 2014: tal Health and Toxicology. His doctoral training was followed
271–290.
31. Berg C, Oeffner A, Schumm-Draeger PM, et al. Prevalence of up by two postdoctoral fellowships within the Department
anterior pituitary dysfunction in patients following traumatic of Bioengineering (2003–2008).He was a former director of
brain injury in a German multi-centre screening program. scientific research for clinical trials using hyperbaric oxygen
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2010;118:139–144. therapy to treat traumatic brain injuries in Veterans and active
32. Samadani U, Reyes-Moreno I, Buchfelder M. Endocrine duty Servicemembers. Dr Figueroa has published widely in the
dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: mechanisms, areas of neurobiology, bioengineering, evolutionary biology,
pathophysiology and clinical correlations. Acta Neurochir and clinical research involving hyperbaric medicine. E-mail:
Suppl. 2005;93:121–125. bhif.figueroa@gmail.com.
33. Desai A, Kevala K, Kim HY. Depletion of brain docosahexae-
noic acid impairs recovery from traumatic brain injury. PLoS Dr Wright has served in a number of capacities in his career
One. 2014;9:e86472.
34. Pu H, Guo Y, Zhang W, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty as an Air Force officer, flight surgeon, educator, and researcher.
acid supplementation improves neurologic recovery and at- His most recent role has been as an investigator in a national,
tenuates white matter injury after experimental traumatic multisite clinical trial using hyperbaric oxygen for traumatic
brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013;33:1474–1484. brain injury. Dr Wright is a 1973 graduate from the University
35. Lewis M, Ghassemi P, Hibbeln J. Therapeutic use of omega-3 of Chicago and completed surgical and plastic surgery residen-
fatty acids in severe head trauma. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31: cies at the University of Chicago (1974–77) and UCLA (1977–
273 e5–8. 79), respectively. He has completed fellowships as a Clinical
36. Hasadsri L, Wang BH, Lee JV, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids as a and Research Fellow (Burns) at Harvard Medical School in the
putative treatment for traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. Shriners’ Burn Institute, Boston (1975) and Hyperbaric Medi-
2013;30:897–906.
37. Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, et al. Docosahexae- cine at Brooks Air Force Base, Texas (1999–2000). Dr Wright
noic acid attenuates the early inflammatory response follow- was commissioned into the Air Force in 1982 (Captain) and
ing spinal cord injury in mice: in-vivo and in-vitro studies. J served in several capacities. He retired 1 February 2010 (Colo-
Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:6. nel) as the 720th Special Tactics Group Surgeon. Dr Wright
38. Hall JC, Priestley JV, Perry VH, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid, has published widely in the areas of surgery, plastic surgery,
but not eicosapentaenoic acid, reduces the early inflammatory and hyperbaric medicine, and has supervised clinical research
response following compression spinal cord injury in the rat. in the areas of predictors of success in Special Tactics selection
J Neurochem. 2012;121:738–750. and training of personnel.
39. Bazan NG, Molina MF, Gordon WC. Docosahexaenoic acid
signalolipidomics in nutrition: significance in aging, neuroin-
flammation, macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s, and other neu-
rodegenerative diseases. Annu Rev Nutr. 2011;31:321–351.

66 Journal of Special Operations Medicine Volume 15, Edition 4/Winter 2015