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Emerg Med. 1985;14:1135–1140. Dr. Johnson is director of research at the U.S. Army Gradu-
13. Warren DW, Kissoon N, Sommerauer JF, Rieder MJ. ate Program in Anesthesia, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. E-mail:
Comparison of fluid infusion rates among peripheral arthurjohnso@gmail.com.
intravenous and humerus, femur, malleolus, and tibial
intraosseous sites in normovolemic and hypovolemic pig- CPT Dial is a student at the U.S. Army Graduate Program in
lets. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:183–186. Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
14. Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care. Tactical CPT Ard is a student at the U.S. Army Graduate Program in
combat casualty care guidelines. http://www.health.mil Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
/Libraries/120917_TCCC_Course_Materials/TCCC-
Guidelines-120917.pdf. CPT Yourk is a student at the U.S. Army Graduate Program
15. Wilkes NJ, Woolf RL, Powanda MC, et al. Hydroxyethyl in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
starch in balanced electrolyte solution (Hextend): phar- 1LT Burke is a student at the U.S. Army Graduate Program
macokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in healthy in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
volunteers. Anesth Analg. 2002;94:538–544.
16. Nielsen VG. Resuscitation with Hextend decreases en- 1LT Paine is a student at the U.S. Army Graduate Program in
dogenous circulating heparin activity and accelerates clot Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
initiation after hemorrhage in the rabbit. Anesth Analg. Dr. Gegel is affiliated with the Veteran Anesthesia Services.
2001;93:1106–1110.
17. Riha GM, Kunio NR, Van PY, et al. Hextend and 7.5% Dr. Burgert is staff nurse anesthetist, San Antonio Gastroen-
hypertonic saline with Dextran are equivalent to lac- terology Associate, and assistant professor at the U.S. Army
tated Ringer’s in a swine model of initial resuscitation of Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing.

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