Page 92 - Journal of Special Operations Medicine - Spring 2014

Table 5 CO in L/min.
2 min 4 min 6 min 8 min
Before After after after after after
Group bleed bleed p Value Hextend p Value Hextend p Value Hextend p Value Hextend p Value
Between Between Between Between Between
IO 6.1 ± 1.3 3.9 ± .97 IO vs. IV 4.7 ± 1.7 IO vs. IV 5.8 ± 2.3 IO vs. IV 6.0 ± 2.3 IO vs. IV 6.5 ± 2 IO vs. IV
(p = .59) (p = .33) (p = .93) (p = .74) (p = .36)
Between *Between *Between *Between *Between
IV 6.6 ± 2.5 3.9 ± .82 IO vs. none 5.3 ± 1.5 IO vs. none 5.7 ± 1.5 IO vs. none 5.7 ± 1.3 IO vs. none 5.74 ± 1.3 IO vs. none
(p = .30) (p = .006) (p = .007) (p = .016) (p = .04)
Between *Between *Between *Between Between
IV and IV and IV and IV and IV and
None 5.6 ± 1.4 4.4 ± 1.1 3.4 ± 1.9 4.2 ± 1.2 4.6 ± 1.1 5.4 ± 1.4
none none none none none
(p = .128) (p = .001) (p = .009) (p = .033) (p = .228)
Note: *Significant at .05.

Table 6 SV in mL/min.
2 min 4 min 6 min 8 min
Before After after after after after
Group bleed bleed p Value Hextend p Value Hextend p Value Hextend p Value Hextend p Value
Between Between Between Between Between
IO 66 ± 10 41± 7 IO vs. IV 55 ± 13 IO vs. IV 61 ± 19 IO vs. IV 65 ± 19 IO vs. IV 71 ± 13 IO vs. IV
(p = .19) (p = .22) (p = .32) (p = .47) (p = .37)
Between *Between *Between *Between *Between
IV 63 ± 7 45 ± 7 IO vs. none 65 ± 8 IO vs. none 72 ± 14 IO vs. none 66 ± 11 IO vs. none 68 ± 9 IO vs. none
(p = .39) (p = .001) (p = .002) (p = .000) (p = .001)
Between *Between *Between *Between *Between
IV and IV and IV and IV and IV and
None 62 ± 21 42 ± 12 36 ± 11 42 ± 15 46 ± 13 52 ± 10
none none none none none
(p = .64) (p = .000) (p = .000) (p = .000) (p = .000)
Note: *Significant at .05.

with younger, smaller pigs. Karnabatidis and colleagues unsuccessful, move up to antecubital veins. At the least, the
examined rabbits and swine relative to their ear vein size, results can be generalized to using the hand veins.
grouped them together, and found the size to about 2mm,
perhaps slightly smaller than the median vein of the hu-
man. If they had reported the size of only swine veins, References
27
then the size would probably have been larger. Healthcare 1. Alam HB, Punzalan CM, Koustova E, et al. Hypertonic saline:
providers are taught to use the veins of the hand and, if intraosseous infusion causes myonecrosis in a dehydrated

84 Journal of Special Operations Medicine Volume 14, Edition 1/Spring 2014