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          SCF wrote the first draft. EWB, MM, and JBH edited and re-  rac Surg. 2012;93(1):315–316. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.
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                                                                StatPearls. Updated July 25, 2023. StatPearls Publishing; 2025.
          Disclosures                                           Accessed  August 4, 2025.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
          The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.  NBK470161/
          Funding                                            PMID: 40986755; DOI: 10.55460/DC5Q-F42E
          No funding was received for this work.
















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