Page 32 - JSOM Fall 2025

FIGURE 7 Outlet fluid temperature as a function of tubing length materials under standardized cold exposure protocols, opti-
and insulation thickness. mization studies to determine the clinical acceptability of
reduced IV tubing lengths, and comprehensive evaluation of
Outlet Fluid Temperature (°C)
proposed solutions with respect to kit portability and deploy-
ment logistics.
Author Contributions
All authors participated in the study design, analysis, and man-
uscript drafting.

Disclaimer
The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the au-
Tubing Length (m) Insulation Thickness (mm) thor and do not purport to state or reflect the position of the
United States Government or any agency thereof, including the
FIGURE 8 Outlet fluid temperature as a function of thermal United States Military Academy, the Department of the Army,
conductivity and tubing length. or the Department of Defense.
Outlet Fluid Temperature (°C)
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.

Funding
This research was supported by the Army Research Labora-
tory (ARL).

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30 | JSOM Volume 25, Edition 3 / Fall 2025