Page 60 - JSOM Summer 2024
P. 60
such as continuous glucose, lactate, and ketones to help users 6. United States Government Accountability Office. GAO-22-
understand relationships between nutritional content, physical 104486: Special Operations Forces: Additional Actions Needed
training, sleep, and other measures of performance. 27 to Effectively Manage the Preservation of the Force and Family
Program. Report to the Committee on Armed Services, House of
Representatives. Updated December 16, 2021. Accessed April 11,
Limitations 2023. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-22-104486.pdf
A key limitation of this study is continued adherence to the 7. United States Government Accountability Office. GAO-23-105644:
mobile application and study tasks. Keeping users engaged Special Operations Forces: Actions Needed to Assess Performance
over time is a limitation of most app-based health and human of the Preservation of the Force and Family Program. Report to
performance studies and consumer apps. User-rated content Congressional Committees. Updated April 27, 2023. Accessed May
and app feature use help drive continued adherence, as will the 1, 2023. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-105644.pdf
addition of BYOD. 8. Wickwire EM, Albrecht JS, Capaldi VF 2nd, et al. Trajectories
of iInsomnia in adults after traumatic brain injury. JAMA Netw
Open. Jan 4 2022;5(1):e2145310. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.
Military facilities that restrict the use of the connected devices 2021.45310
create gaps in the otherwise continuous data collection. This 9. Werner JK, Shahim P, Pucci JU, et al. Poor sleep correlates with
restriction can limit the ability of the app and the individual biomarkers of neurodegeneration in mild traumatic brain injury
to follow their progress accurately in real time. However, new patients: a CENC study. Sleep. 2021;44(6):zsaa272. doi:10.1093/
sleep/zsaa272
AI and machine learning algorithms can improve the strength 10. Saxon L, DiPaula B, Fox GR, et al. Continuous measurement of
and accuracy of insights provided by the app to the individual, reconnaissance marines in training with custom smartphone app
which can drive engagement and help overcome gaps in data and watch: observational cohort study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth.
collection through probabilistic analytic methods. 28 2020;8(6):e14116. doi:10.2196/14116
11. Barrett TJ, Sobhani M, Fox GR, et al. Diverse predictors of
early attrition in an elite Marine training school. Mil Psychol.
Conclusion 2022;34(4):388–397. doi:10.1080/08995605.2021.1993721
12. Saxon L, Faulk RT, Barrett T, McLelland S, Boberg J. A novel
The data collected from Servicemembers in this study is more digital research methodology for continuous health assessment of
inclusive of the totality of mental and physical load experi- the special operations warfighter: the Digital cORA Study. J Spec
enced by each Servicemember than infrequent in-person check- Oper Med. 2022;22(4):78–82. doi:10.55460/4SSJ-AHIB
ins. This approach can more accurately assess overall health 13. ResearchKit. Active Tasks. Updated August 30, 2018. Accessed
and preserve mental and physical health and readiness. The April 27, 2023. https://researchkit.org/docs/docs/ActiveTasks/Ac-
tiveTasks.html
ability for individuals to see negative trends in performance 14. Koffel E, Kramer MD, Arbisi PA, Erbes CR, Kaler M, Polusny
metrics before symptoms manifest was a key goal of this study. MA. Personality traits and combat exposure as predictors of
psychopathology over time. Psychol Med. 2016;46(1):209–220.
Author Contributions doi:10.1017/S0033291715001798
LS conceived the study concept, obtained funding, and wrote 15. Morais CHB, Barini Filho U, Martins MR. In: Proceedings of the
the first draft. RF made intellectual contributions. TB analyzed ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore
the data and created the tables. SM designed and created the and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engi-
app and research platform. JB made intellectual and editorial neers; 2020.
contributions. 16. Price L. Texas State University – DISC Personality System Valida-
tion Study. In: DISC Technical Supplement. Institute for Motiva-
tional Living; 2018.
Disclosures 17. Prochaska F, Sampayo J, Carter B. DISC Factors. SSRN. 2015.
The authors have indicated they have no financial relation- doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2686882
ships relevant to this article to disclose. 18. Summerlin RMC. Personality Styles of Student Naval Aviators:
An Analysis of Disc Styles in Flight Training and Attrition Rates.
Funding Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary; 2012.
This work was supported by the Military Operational Medi- 19. Jang S, Kitchen PJ, Kim J. The effects of gamified customer bene-
fits and characteristics on behavioral engagement and purchase:
cine Research Program. Evidence from mobile exercise application uses. Journal of Busi-
ness Research. 2018;92:250–259. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
References jbusres.2018.07.056
1. Checkley S. The neuroendocrinology of depression and chronic 20. Milne-Ives M, Lam C, De Cock C, Van Velthoven MH, Meinert E.
stress. Br Med Bull. 1996;52(3):597–617. doi:10.1093/oxford Mobile apps for health behavior change in physical activity, diet,
journals.bmb.a011570 drug and alcohol use, and mental health: systematic review. JMIR
2. Robinson L. SOF’s Evolving Role: Warfare ‘By, With, and Through’ Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(3):e17046. doi:10.2196/17046
Local Forces. RAND Blog. Updated May 9, 2017. Accessed 2024. 21. Straits Research. SRHI1798DR: Wearable Fitness Trackers Mar-
https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2017/05/sofs-evolving- ket Size, Demand and Growth Analysis Report 2031. Accessed
role-warfare-by-with-and-through-local.html April 11, 2023. https://straitsresearch.com/report/wearable-fitness
3. Bongar B, Hausman C, Agin-Liebes G. Addressing Suicides in Spe- -trackers-market
cial Operations Forces: Enhancing Resilience in a Unique Popula- 22. Apple Inc. Empowering people to live a healthier day: Innovation
tion. In: Kumar U, ed. Handbook of Suicidal Behaviour. Springer; using Apple technology to support personal health, research, and
2017:523–541. care. Updated October 2023. Accessed April 11, 2023. https://
4. POTFF Staff. About POTFF: About USSOCOM Preservation of www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/Health-Report-July-2022.pdf
the Force and Family (POTFF). United States Special Operations 23. Xtelligent Healthcare Media. Understanding de-identified data, how
Command. April 20, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2023. https://www. to use it in healthcare. Health IT Analytics. Updated December 28,
socom.mil/POTFF/Pages/About-POTFF.aspx 2023. Accessed April 11, 2023. https://healthitanalytics.com/news/
5. The U.S. Army Holistic Health and Fitness Operating Concept. The understanding-de-identified-data-how-to-use-it-in-healthcare
U.S. Army’s System for Enhancing Soldier Readiness and Lethality 24. Skoll D, Miller JC, Saxon LA. COVID-19 testing and infection
in the 21st Century. Department of the Army. Updated October surveillance: Is a combined digital contact-tracing and mass-test-
1, 2020. Accessed April 11, 2023. https://www.army.mil/e2/down ing solution feasible in the United States? Cardiovasc Digit Health
loads/rv7/acft/h2f_operating_concept.pdf J. 2020;1(3):149–159. doi:10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.09.004
58 | JSOM Volume 24, Edition 2 / Summer 2024