Page 56 - JSOM Winter 2023

MRI signature in the human brain. Brain. 2021;144(3):800–816. 47. Sours Rhodes C, Sandlain R, Ollinger J, et al. Development of
10.1093/brain/awaa447. the blast ordnance and occupational exposure measure for self-
28. Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Paulino AJ, et al. Blast overpressure in- reported lifetime blast exposures. Mil Med. 2022. 10.1093/milmed/
duces shear-related injuries in the brain of rats exposed to a mild usac212.
traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013;1:51. 48. Carr W, Kelley AL, Toolin CF, Weber NS. Association of MOS-
10.1186/2051-5960-1-51. based blast exposure with medical outcomes. Front Neurol.
29. Garman RH, Jenkins LW, Switzer RC, 3rd, et al. Blast exposure in rats 2020;11:619. 10.3389/fneur.2020.00619.
with body shielding is characterized primarily by diffuse axonal in- 49. Bartone PT, Roland RR, Picano JJ, Williams TJ. Psychological har-
jury. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(6):947-959. 10.1089/neu.2010.1540. diness predicts success in US Army special forces candidates. Inter-
30. Benjamini D, Priemer DS, Perl DP, Brody DL, Basser PJ. Mapping national Journal of Selection and Assessment. 2008;16:78–81.
astrogliosis in the individual human brain using multidimensional 50. Tabibnia G, Radecki D. Resilience training that can change the
MRI. Brain. 2023;146(3):1212–1226. 10.1093/brain/awac298. brain. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research.
31. Priemer DS, Iacono D, Rhodes CH, Olsen CH, Perl DP. Chronic 2018;70(1):59-88.
traumatic encephalopathy in the brains of military personnel. N 51. Lieberman HR, Tharion WJ, Shukitt-Hale B, Speckman KL,
Engl J Med. 2022;386(23):2169–2177. 10.1056/NEJMoa2203199. Tulley R. Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive
32. McKee AC, Stern RA, Nowinski CJ, et al. The spectrum of disease performance and mood during U.S. Navy SEAL training. Sea-
in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain. 2013;136(Pt 1):43– Air-Land. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002;164(3):250–261. 10.
64. 10.1093/brain/aws307. 1007/s00213-002-1217-9.
33. Bieniek KF, Cairns NJ, Crary JF, et al. The second NINDS/NIBIB 52. Gayton SD, Kehoe EJ. A prospective study of character strengths as
consensus meeting to define neuropathological criteria for the di- predictors of selection into the Australian Army special force. Mil
agnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Med. 2015;180(2):151–157. 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00181.
Neurol. 2021;80(3):210–219. 10.1093/jnen/nlab001. 53. Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Lan-
34. Kenney K, Iacono D, Edlow BL, et al. Dementia after moderate- cet Neurol. 2012;11(11):1006–1012. 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)
severe traumatic brain injury: coexistence of multiple protein- 70191-6.
opathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2018;77(1):50–63. 10.1093/ 54. Simmons AN, Fitzpatrick S, Strigo IA, et al. Altered insula ac-
jnen/nlx101. tivation in anticipation of changing emotional states: neural
35. Iacono D, Lee P, Edlow BL, et al. Early-onset dementia in war mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility in special operations
veterans: brain polypathology and clinicopathologic complexity. forces personnel. Neuroreport. 2012;23(4):234–239. 10.1097/
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2020;79(2):144–162. 10.1093/jnen/ WNR.0b013e3283503275.
nlz122. 55. Barczak-Scarboro NE, Roby PR, Kiefer AW, et al. The relation-
36. Modica LCM, Egnoto MJ, Statz JK, Carr W, Ahlers ST. De- ship between resilience and neurophysiological stress in special
velopment of a blast exposure estimator from a department of operations forces combat service members. Eur J Neurosci. 2022;
defense-wide survey study on military service members. J Neuro- 55(9–10):2804–2812. 10.1111/ejn.15109.
trauma. 2021;38(12):1654–1661. 10.1089/neu.2020.7405. 56. Arola A, Laakso HM, Pitkanen J, et al. Associations of cognitive
37. Hing M, Cabrera J, Barstow C, Forsten RD. Special operations reserve and psychological resilience with cognitive functioning in
forces and incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. subjects with cerebral white matter hyperintensities. Eur J Neu-
J Spec Oper Med. 2012;12(3):23–35. 10.55460/663M-6L7P. rol. 2021;28(8):2622–2630. 10.1111/ene.14910.
38. Woodall JLA, Sak JA, Cowdrick KR, et al. Repetitive low-level 57. Kalinich JF, Kasper CE. Are internalized metals a long-term
blast exposure and neurocognitive effects in Army ranger mor- health hazard for military veterans? Public Health Rep. 2016;
tarmen. Mil Med. 2023;188(3-4):e771–e779. 10.1093/milmed/ 131(6):831–833. 10.1177/0033354916669324.
usab394. 58. Brueck SE, Aristeguieta C, Ramsey J. Exposures of helicopter
39. Vartanian O, Tenn C, Rhind SG, et al. Blast in context: the neu- pilots and gunners to firearm noise and lead during gunnery
ropsychological and neurocognitive effects of long-term occu- target training exercises. Health Hazard Evaluation Program.
pational exposure to repeated low-level explosives on Canadian 2014. Report No. 2009-0216-3201. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
armed forces’ breaching instructors and range staff. Front Neurol. hhe/reports/pdfs/2009-0216-3201.pdf?id=2010.26616/NIOSH
2020;11:588531. 10.3389/fneur.2020.588531. HETA200902163201. Accessed October 12, 2023.
40. Vartanian O, Coady L, Blackler K, Fraser B, Cheung B. Neuro- 59. Jarvis A. MH-60 DAP crewmember environmental exposure
psychological, neurocognitive, vestibular, and neuroimaging cor- study. 2019.
relates of exposure to repetitive low-level blast waves: evidence 60. Iacono D, Murphy EK, Sherman PM, et al. High altitude is associ-
from four nonoverlapping samples of canadian breachers. Mil ated with pTau deposition, neuroinflammation, and myelin loss. Sci-
Med. 2021;186(3-4):e393–e400. 10.1093/milmed/usaa332. entific Reports. 2022;12(1):6839. 10.1038/s41598-022-10881-x.
41. Carr W, Polejaeva E, Grome A, et al. Relation of repeated 61. Todnem K, Nyland H, Skeidsvoll H, et al. Neurological long-term
low-level blast exposure with symptomology similar to concus- consequences of deep diving. Br J Ind Med. 1991;48(4):258–266.
sion. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015;30(1):47–55. 10.1097/HTR. 10.1136/oem.48.4.258.
0000000000000064. 62. Tamer A, Zanoni A, Cocco A, Masarati P. A generalized index for
42. The Management of Concussion-mild Traumatic Brain Injury the assessment of helicopter pilot vibration exposure. Vibration.
Working Group. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the man- 2021;4(1):133–150. 10.3390/vibration4010012.
agement of concussion-mild traumatic brain injury. Version 2.0. 63. Ullman J, Hengst D, Carpenter R, Robinson Y. Does military high-
2016. https://www.va.gov/covidtraining/docs/mTBICPGFullCPG speed boat slamming cause severe injuries and disability? Clin
50821816.pdf. Accessed March 19, 2023. Orthop Relat Res. 2022;480(11):2163–2173. 10.1097/CORR.
43. Smith DH, Johnson VE, Stewart W. Chronic neuropathologies of 0000000000002420.
single and repetitive TBI: substrates of dementia? Nat Rev Neu- 64. Ensign W, Hodgdon JA, Prusaczyk WK, Ahlers S, Shapiro D,
rol. 2013;9(4):211–221. 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.29. Lipton M. A survey of self-reported injuries among special boat
44. Smith DH, Johnson VE, Trojanowski JQ, Stewart W. Chronic operators. Naval Health Research Center. 2004. Report No.
traumatic encephalopathy - confusion and controversies. Nat Rev 00-48: https://combatantcraftcrewman.org/wp-content/uploads/
Neurol. 2019;15(3):179-183. 10.1038/s41582-018-0114-8. 2021/12/Survey-of-Self-Reported-Injuries.pdf. Accessed October
45. McKee AC, Cantu RC, Nowinski CJ, et al. Chronic traumatic 12, 2023.
encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive 65. Garcia A, Miles SR, Reljic T, et al. Neurobehavioral symptoms
head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009;68(7):709–735. in U.S. special operations forces in rehabilitation after traumatic
10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503. brain injury: A TBI model systems study. Mil Med. 2022;187(11–
46. Belding JN, Egnoto M, Englert RM, Fitzmaurice S, Thomsen CJ. 12):1412–1421. 10.1093/milmed/usab347.
Getting on the same page: consolidating terminology to facili- 66. Radley J, Morilak D, Viau V, Campeau S. Chronic stress and
tate cross-disciplinary health-related blast research. Front Neurol. brain plasticity: mechanisms underlying adaptive and maladap-
2021;12:695496. 10.3389/fneur.2021.695496. tive changes and implications for stress-related CNS disorders.

54 | JSOM Volume 23, Edition 4 / Winter 2023