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Kappa (κ) .87 .80 .76 .80 .59 .69 .59 .76 .74 .69 .58 .53 .46

Quality Score (0–33) 35 14 13 16 12 20 15 11 16 14 15 17 18 17

Main Findings (1) Lower arithmetic and memorization score under DT practice trial (2) Higher visual monitoring score under DT practice trial compared (3) Higher arithmetic, memorization, and visual monitoring score under DT post-practice trials compared to ST* (1) Mean velocity in antero-posterior direction slower under DT than (2) No changes in reaction time between ST and DT (prefatigue only) (1) greater peak stance hip flexion moment duri

compared to ST* to ST* ST (prefatigue only) (P = .026) (P > .05) compared to anticipated cut (P = .002) unanticipated and anticipated cuts unanticipated and anticipated cuts participants (P = .002) ST and DT (P = .42) and DT (P = .13)) (P = .37) decision performance DT than ST* experts (P = .41) (P = .76) experts (P = .02) walking identification DT than ST (P < .001) DT than ST (P < .001)

Multitask Paradigm (1) SynWin Multitasking Assessment (concurrently perform all single-task assessments) (1) Postural stance while simultaneously completing vigilance task (“Go/No- Go” trigger reaction) over 720 s (1) Unanticipated single-leg cut maneuver (1) Tracking task and systems monitoring (2) T racking task, systems monitoring, and resource-management (1) Sternberg Memory Task and Arrow Flanker (1) Shooting and ar

Single-Task Paradigm Motor Task(s): None Cognitive Task(s): (1) Arithmetic (2) Memorization task (3) Listening task (4) Visual monitoring Motor Task(s): (1) Stand in bipedal shooting position Cognitive Task(s): None Motor Task(s): (1) Anticipated single-leg cut maneuver Cognitive Task(s):None Motor Task(s): (1) Visual tracking task Cognitive Task(s): None Motor Task(s): None Cognitive Task(s): (1) Sternberg Memory Test (2) Arrow Flanker

United States Air Force cadets (n = 1090) Soldiers (n = 19) Age: 31.9 ± 1.3 y Height: 179.2 ± 1.5 cm Weight: 80.8 ± 1.9 kg Years of rifle shooting experience: 12.25 ± 3.6 y Males: 100% Military personnel (n = 15) Age: 20.9 ± 3.1 y Height: 1.8 ± .1 m Weight: 75.6 ± 11.6 kg Males: 100% United States Air Force ROTC cadets (n = 10) Age: 21.4 ± 1.0 y Noncadets (n = 18) Age: 19.8 ± .9 y Males: 53.6% Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with PTSD
TABLE 2 Description of Articles Selected for Review
Participants Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam Expert law enforcement officers Time since mTBI diagnosis: .46 y

Authors (Year) and Title Barron and Rose (2017) 41 Multitasking as a Predictor of Pilot Performance: Validity Beyond Serial Single-Task Assessments Bermejo et al. (2018) 39 Fatigue does not conjointly alter postural and cognitive performance when standing in a shooting position under dual- task conditions Brown et al. (2014) 42 Soldier-relevant loads impact lower limb biomechanics during anticipated and unanticipated single-leg cutting mov

76 | JSOM Volume 20, Edition 1 / Spring 2020