Page 37 - JSOM Winter 2017

Conclusion 12. Ladyshewsky RR, Hopper D, Abid S, et al. The use and practice
of body substance precautions in sports physiotherapy. Aust J
In this study of simulated first aid with tourniquets in control Physiother. 1996;42(2):99–107.
of bleeding, users had major effects on most metrics of perfor- 13. Geng Q, Chen F, Holmér I. The effect of protective gloves on
mance, glove effects were significant for a few glove groups, and manual dexterity in the cold environments. Int J Occup Saf Er-
tourniquet device effects were found only for continuous met- gon. 1997;3:15–29.
rics and were often dominated by user effects. Thinner gloves 14. Drabek T, Boucek CD, Buffington CW. Wearing the wrong size
latex surgical gloves impairs manual dexterity. J Occup Environ
generally yielded better and faster results than thicker gloves. Hyg. 2010;7:152–155.
15. Dianat I, Haslegrave CM, Stedmon AW. Methodology for evalu-
Funding ating gloves in relation to the effects on hand performance capa-
This project was funded by the US Army Medical Research bilities: a literature review. Ergonomics. 2012;55:1429–1451.
and Materiel Command. 16. Drabek T, Boucek CD, Buffington CW. Wearing ambidextrous
vinyl gloves does not impair manual dexterity. J Occup Environ
Disclaimer Hyg. 2013;10:307–311.
The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private 17. Mylon P, Lewis R, Carré MJ, Martin N. A critical review of glove
views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or and hand research with regard to medical glove design. Ergonom-
ics. 2014;57:116–129.
reflecting the views of the Department of Defense or US Gov- 18. Eustis TC, Wright SW, Wrenn KD, et al. Compliance with recom-
ernment. The authors are employees of the US Government. mendations for universal precautions among prehospital provid-
This work was prepared as part of their official duties and, as ers. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25(4):512–515.
such, there is no copyright to be transferred. 19. Picheansanthian W, Chotibang J. Glove utilization in the preven-
tion of cross transmission: a systematic review. JBI Database Sys-
Disclosure tem Rev Implement Rep. 2015;13(4):188–230.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 20. Phillips AM, Birch NC, Ribbans WJ. Protective gloves for use in
high-risk patients: how much do they affect the dexterity of the
surgeon? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1997;79(2):124–127.
Author Contributions 21. Kragh JF Jr, Dubick MA. Battlefield tourniquets: lessons learned
J.F.K., J.K.A., and M.A.D. conceived and designed the study; in moving current care toward best care in an Army Medical De-
J.F.K. and V.K.M. resourced, managed, and oversaw the study; partment at war. US Army Med Dep J. 2016;2–16:29–36.
J.F.K., V.K.M., C.D.L., and M.A.D. collected data; J.F.K., 22. O’Conor DK, Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, et al. Cat on a hot tin
J.K.A., and C.D.L. analyzed data; all authors participated in roof: mechanical testing of models of tourniquets after environ-
mental exposure. J Spec Oper Med. 2017;17(1):27–35.
writing; and J.F.K. led production. All authors approved the 23. Clumpner BR, Polston RW, Kragh JF Jr, et al. Single versus dou-
final version of the manuscript. ble routing of the band in the Combat Application Tourniquet. J
Spec Oper Med. 2013;13(1):34–41.
References 24. Polston RW, Clumpner BR, Kragh JF Jr, et al. No slackers in tour-
1. Pons PT, Jacobs L. Save a life: What everyone should know to niquet use to stop bleeding. J Spec Oper Med. 2013;13(2):12–19.
stop bleeding after an injury. http://www.bleedingcontrol.org/~/ 25. Davinson JP, Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, et al. Laboratory testing
media/bleedingcontrol/files/stop%20the%20bleed%20booklet. of emergency tourniquets exposed to prolonged heat. J Spec Oper
ashx. Accessed 8 September 2017. Med. 2015;15(1):34–38.
2. Markenson D, Ferguson JD, Chameides L, et al. Part 13: First aid: 26. Altamirano MP, Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, et al. Role of the
2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Inter- windlass in improvised tourniquet use on a manikin hemorrhage
national Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recom- model. J Spec Oper Med. 2015;15(2):42–46.
mendations. Circulation. 2010;122(16 Suppl 2):S582–605. 27. Kragh JF Jr, Geracci JJ, Parsons DL, et al. Junctional tourniquet
3. Zideman DA, Singletary EM, De Buck ED, et al. Part 9: First aid: training experience. J Spec Oper Med. 2015;15(3):20–30.
2015 International Consensus on First Aid Science with Treat- 28. Dubick MA, Kheirabadi BS, Kragh JF Jr. Recent technological
ment Recommendations. Resuscitation. 2015;95:e225–e261. advances in hemorrhage control for improved survival from
4. Singletary EM, Charlton NP, Epstein JL, et al. Part 15: First aid: combat wounds. Proc of NATO RTO Symposium on Emerging
2015 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Technological Advances in Tactical Casualty Care. 2015;STO-
guidelines update for first aid. Circulation. 2015;132(18 Suppl MP-HFM-249:23-1 to 23-14.
2):S574–S589. 29. Gibson R, Aden JK 3rd, Dubick MA, et al. Preliminary compari-
5. Committee on Trauma, American College of Surgeons. How to son of pneumatic models of tourniquet for prehospital control
stop the bleed. http://www.bleedingcontrol.org/resources/how-to- of limb bleeding in a manikin model. J Spec Oper Med. 2016;16
stop-the-bleed. Accessed 8 September 2017. (2):21–27.
6. Ritchie L, McIntyre J. Standardising infection control precau- 30. Gibson R, Housler GJ, Rush SC, et al. Preliminary comparison
tions. Nurs Times. 2015;111(38):17–20. of new and established tactical tourniquets in a manikin hemor-
7. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidance for the rhage model. J Spec Oper Med. 2016;16(1):29–35.
selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in health- 31. Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, Shackelford S, et al. Preliminary mea-
care settings. https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/ppe/ppeslides6-29-04. sures of instructor learning in teaching junctional tourniquet us-
pdf. 2016. Accessed 8 September 2017. ers. J Spec Oper Med. 2016;16(2):13–15.
8. Udasin IG, Gochfeld M. Implications of the Occupational Safety 32. Kragh JF Jr, Moore VK 3rd, Aden JK 3rd, et al. Short report
and Health Administration’s bloodborne pathogen standard for comparing generation 6 versus prototype generation 7 Combat
the occupational health professional. J Occup Med. 1994;36(5): Application Tourniquet in a manikin hemorrhage model. J Spec
®
548–555. Oper Med. 2016;16(1):14–17.
9. Twitchell KT. Bloodborne pathogens. What you need to know— 33. Kragh JF Jr, Mabry RL, Parsons DL, et al. Learning curves of
part I. AAOHN J. 2003;51(1):38–45; quiz 46–47. emergency tourniquet use exploring for utility in training. J Spec
10. World Health Organization. Aide-memoire: infection control Oper Med. 2016;16(4):7–14.
standard precautions in health care. http://www.who.int/csr/ 34. Bequette BW, Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, et al. Belts evaluated
resources/publications/4EPR_AM2.pdf. Accessed 8 September as limb tourniquets: BELT study comparing trouser supporters
2017. used as medical devices in a manikin model of wound bleeding.
11. Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, Lambert CD, et al. Unwrapping a first Wilderness Environ Med. 2017;28(2):84–93.
aid tourniquet from its plastic wrapper with and without gloves 35. Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, Shackelford S, et al. Assessment of
worn: a preliminary study. J Spec Oper Med. 2017;17(3):27–36. Trainer Skill to Control Groin-Wound Bleeding: Use of Junctional

User, Glove, and Device Effects on Tourniquet Use | 35