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Disclaimer 2. Pepe PE, Raedler C, Lurie KG, et al. Emergency ventilatory man-
The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private agement in hemorrhagic states: elemental or detrimental. J Trauma.
views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or 2003;54:1048–1057.
reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or Depart- 3. Davis DP, Idris AH, Sise MJ, et al. Early ventilation and outcome in
ment of Defense. This study was conducted under a protocol patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care
Med. 2006;34:1202–1208.
reviewed and approved by the San Antonio Military Medical 4. Davis DP, Dunford JV, Poste JC, et al. The impact of hypoxia and
Center Institutional Review Board, and in accordance with the hyperventilation on outcome after paramedic rapid sequence intu-
approved protocol bation fo severely head-injured patients. J Trauma. 2004;57:1–10.
5. Blackbourne LH, Cole J, Mabry R, et al. The “Silent Killer”: hy-
perventilation in the brain injured. U.S. Army Med Dep J. 2008;
Disclosures Jan-Mar:50–55.
The BVM devices were provided to the investigators by CMSat 6. Milander MM, Hiscok PS, Sanders AB, et al. Chest compression
no charge to be used in this study. The authors have no finan- and ventilation rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the ef-
cial relationship with CMS and had no part in the conception, fects of audible tone guidance. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;2:708–713.
design, or production of the new device. The authors have no 7. Davis DP, Peay J, Sise MJ, et al. Prehospital airway and ventilation
financial relationships or conflicts of interest to disclose. management: a trauma score and injury severity score-based analy-
sis. J Trauma. 2010;69:294–301.
References
1. Aufderheide TP, Sigurdsson G, Pirrallo R, et al. Hyperventilation-
induced hypotension during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardi-
ology. 2004;109:1960–1965.
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