Page 31 - Journal of Special Operations Medicine - Fall 2017

Table 3 Pairwise Comparisons of Glove Group Means for All Users
Mean of One Glove Group Compared With a Mean Difference
Mean of Another Glove Group (One Minus Another) (seconds) SE of Difference p Value
Cold gloves – bare hands 3.75 1.722 .029
Cold gloves & mittens – bare hands 3.75 1.722 .029
Glove liners – bare hands 3.75 1.711 .028
Glove liners – examination gloves 3.75 1.711 .028
Mittens – bare hands 3.75 1.711 .028
Mittens – examination gloves 3.75 1.711 .028
Leather gloves – examination gloves 3.25 1.680 .053
Cold gloves & mittens – cold gloves 2.75 1.711 .108
Glove liners & leather gloves – bare hands 2.75 1.722 .110
Glove liners & leather gloves – examination gloves 2.75 1.690 .104
Leather gloves – bare hands 2.75 1.626 .091
Flight gloves – bare hands 1.75 1.722 .309
Leather gloves – flight gloves 1.25 1.722 .468
Mittens – cold gloves 1.00 1.678 .552
Glove liners – cold gloves 0.75 1.690 .657
Flight gloves – examination gloves 0.75 1.690 .657
Examination gloves – bare hands 0.25 1.680 .882
Mittens – glove liners & leather gloves 0.25 1.722 .885
Glove liners & leather gloves – cold gloves 0.00 1.722 1.00
Mittens – glove liners 0.00 1.626 1.00
Leather gloves – glove liners & leather gloves −0.25 1.722 .885
Glove liners & leather gloves – cold gloves & mittens −0.50 1.722 .772
Leather gloves – cold gloves −0.50 1.711 .770
Glove liners & leather gloves – glove liners −0.75 1.722 .663
Leather gloves – mittens −0.75 1.711 .661
Flight gloves – cold gloves −1.00 1.722 .561
Glove liners – cold gloves & mittens −1.25 1.722 .468
Flight gloves – glove liners & leather gloves −1.25 1.711 .465
Leather gloves – glove liners −1.25 1.711 .465
Mittens – cold gloves & mittens −1.50 1.711 .381
Flight gloves – glove liners −1.75 1.690 .301
Flight gloves – mittens −1.75 1.690 .301
Leather gloves – cold gloves & mittens −2.00 1.711 .243
Flight gloves – cold gloves & mittens −2.50 1.722 .147
Examination gloves – cold gloves −3.75 1.722 .029
Examination gloves – cold gloves & mittens −3.75 1.722 .029
SE, standard error.

When time to unwrap for each glove group for each individual Damage to Gloves or Tourniquets
user was indexed to the minimum time for that individual (i.e., No gloves were damaged during this study. Besides the wrap-
the time for each glove group divided by that user’s minimum pers, no tourniquet was damaged among those unwrapped for
time among all glove groups), the results varied from 1 to 3.1 time.
among the 36 data points among the four individual users
(Figure 5). A threefold (3.1/1) spread of the data set indicated Thicknesses of Glove Groups
variance, whereas such spread of the individual user data was The thicknesses of the glove groups ranged from 0mm for bare
3.1, 2.4, 2.4, and 2.2, for users 1 through 4, respectively. hands to 2.5mm for cold gloves layered under mittens (Table
6; Figure 7). The association between thickness and median
The mean time to unwrap among all four users was plotted time to unwrap by glove group was moderate, as tested by
by the use number to see if users overall acquired more speed linear regression (R = 0.6096; Figure 8).
2
with their accrual of experience (Figure 6). The linear regres-
sion line was gently down sloped with a weak association Comments of Tourniquet Users
(time = −0.4292 × user number + 19.479; R = 0.1671), indicat- The comments of tourniquet users were both overlapping
2
ing that the set of four users did not increase speed significantly and diverse but could be categorized into points learned
by accruing experience. Individually, three of four individual us- about unwrapping tourniquets while gloved and into rel-
ers had results similar to that of the set of all users, but one user evant tips for training tourniquet users (Tables 7 and 8).
had an upward (reversed) sloped line, whereas all four associa- The comments of users were occasionally stratified by the
tions were weak with R values less than 0.281. level of skills of future intended users from novice to expert,
2
Unwrapping a Tourniquet | 29