Page 36 - JSOM Fall 2023

TABLE 2 IO Unspecified
Study Design Patients Success Rate Providers Complications
DuBose et al., 2017 4 Retrospective 3 — • Surgeon —
descriptive review • EM physician
• RN anesthetist
• PA
Lairet et al., 2012 14 Retrospective 3 — — Longer transport times in
descriptive review patients who received IVF
Lairet et al., 2019 15 Prospective 285 — — —
descriptive review
Lewis & Wright 2015 25 Retrospective 830 1,000/1,014 (98.3%) — Retained sternal needles
descriptive review Removal of retained sternal
needle in OR
Maddry et al., 2015 17 Retrospective 59 — • Medic —
descriptive review • Paramedic
• RN
• MD
Maddry et al., 2015 16 Retrospective 63 — • Medic —
descriptive review • Paramedic
• RN
• MD
Maddry et al., 2016 18 Retrospective 86 73/86 (85%) — —
descriptive review
Maddry et al., 2016 19 Retrospective — — • Medic —
Descriptive Review • Paramedic
• PA
• Nurse
• Physician
Manley et al., 2017 20 Case series 1 — • General surgeon —
• EM physician
• RN anesthetist
• Critical care RN
• Surgical Technician
• Respiratory Therapist
Suay et al., 2011 26 Prospective 25 19/25 (76%) • Medical Officer • Pain
descriptive review • Nursing Officer
• Paramedic
Reeves et al., 2020 21 Prospective 259 — — —
descriptive review
Travers et al., 2019 24 Retrospective 3 — • Physician —
descriptive review
# of studies 12 11 3 7 3
EM = emergency medicine, IO = intraosseous, IVF = intravenous fluids, MD = medical doctor, RN = registered nurse

TABLE 3 Tibial IO
Study Design Patients Success Rate Providers Complications
Cooper et al., 2007 9 Case series 26 31/32 (97%) • Physician • No infection
• Paramedic • Pain
• ER RN • Bent needle
• Fracture/retained needle
• Needleless insertion
Harcke et al., 2011 6 Post—mortem 52 58/61 (95%) — —
descriptive review
Nadler et al., 2014 7 Retrospective 30 18/36 (50%) • Physician —
descriptive review • Paramedic
Nadler et al., 2015 2 Retrospective 30 15/30 (50%) — —
descriptive review
Schauer et al., 2019 10 Retrospective 18 — • Medical Officer —
descriptive review • Medic
• First-responder
Vassallo et al., 2014 8 Prospective 21 20/21 (95%) — Reported, but none observed
descriptive review for tibial IO
# of studies 6 6 5 3 2
ER = emergency room, IO = intraosseous, RN = registered nurse

34 | JSOM Volume 22, Edition 3 / Fall 2023