Page 134 - 2022 Spring JSOM

FIGURE 2 Tactical medics evaluating a standardized patient. FIGURE 3 Evaluator remotely observing a standardized patient
encounter.

(Photo courtesy of author NT.) (Photo courtesy of author NT.)

appreciated the ability to intently observe provider perfor-
mance in a highly controlled and consistent setting without the 4. Johns Hopkins Medicine Simulation Center. Standardized Patient
need to also monitor the actions and responses of role players. Program. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/simulation_center/
training/standardized_patient_program. Accessed January 09, 2022.
5. University of Pennsylvania Standardized Patient Program. What is
Discussion a Standardized Patient? https://www.med.upenn.edu/spprogram
/what-is-a-standardized-patient.html. Accessed January 09, 2022.
The development of enhanced patient assessment skills 6. Oregon Health & Science University. Simulation at OHSU.
amongst TEMS providers is a complex endeavor requiring https://www.ohsu.edu/simulation/standardized-patient-program.
leadership support, management commitment, and proactive Accessed January 09, 2022.
medical oversight. Tactical medical education will always rely, 7. Felix HM, Simon LV. Types of Standardized Patients and Recruit-
ment in Medical Simulation. [Updated 2021 Oct 1]. In: StatPearls
to varying degrees, upon traditional approaches such as di- [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
dactic teaching, procedural skills training, and scenario-based https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549907. Accessed Jan-
practical exercises. For the lattermost, use of the relatively un- uary 19, 2022.
differentiated role player has seemingly maintained utility to 8. Lewis KL, Bohnert CA, Gammon WL, Hölzer H, Lyman L, Smith
prepare for high-threat scenarios resulting in life-threatening C, Thompson TM, Wallace A, Gliva-McConvey G. The Associa-
traumatic injuries. tion of Standardized Patient Educators (ASPE) Standards of Best
Practice (SOBP). Adv Simul (London). 2017 Jun 27;2:10. PMID:
As greater understanding emerges for the full breadth of tac- 29450011.
tical medicine encounters, so should the appreciation for the 9. Alsaad AA, Davuluri S, Bhide VY, Lannen AM, Maniaci MJ. As-
prevalence of those lower acuity clinical encounters with the sessing the performance and satisfaction of medical residents uti-
potential to negatively impact operational team wellness and lizing standardized patient versus mannequin-simulated training.
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2017 Jul 18;8:481–486. PMID: 28765717.
performance. Novel approaches to TEMS education such as 10. Jaberi A, Momennasab M. Effectiveness of standardized patient
the use of standardized patients for “sick call” training may in abdominal physical examination education: A randomized,
offer distinct advantages albeit at unspecified increased costs. controlled trial. Clin Med Res. 2019 Jun;17(1–2):1–10. PMID:
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training is primarily through medical education programs at 11. Downar J, McNaughton N, Abdelhalim T, Wong N, Lapointe-
academic medical institutions. Further efforts are needed to Shaw L, Seccareccia D, Miller K, Dev S, Ridley J, Lee C, Rich-
ardson L, McDonald-Blumer H, Knickle K. Standardized patient
better establish the educational value and cost effectiveness simulation versus didactic teaching alone for improving residents’
of using standardized patients to augment tactical medical communication skills when discussing goals of care and resusci-
education. tation: A randomized controlled trial. Palliat Med. 2017 Feb;31
(2):130–139. PMID: 27307057.
12. Herbstreit F, Merse S, Schnell R, Noack M, Dirkmann D, Besuch
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