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exempt from institutional review board oversight. We ob- 14. Spinella PC, Dunne J, Beilman GJ, et al. Constant challenges and
tained only deidentified data. evolution of US military transfusion medicine and blood opera-
tions in combat. Transfusion. 2012;52(5):1146–1153.
15. Cline JM, Obuseh FA, Butler D. US Medical support in a devel-
Disclaimer oping world health system—a partnership made in Africa for a
Opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views “new normal” strategy. Mil Med. 2016;181(4):294–296.
of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as 16. US Army. US Africa Command. https://www.africom.mil/. Ac-
reflecting the views of the Department of the Air Force, the cessed 7 March 2020.
Department of the Army, or the Department of Defense. 17. Schauer SG, April MD, Naylor JF, et al. A descriptive analysis
of casualties evacuated from the Africa area of operations. Afr
Authorship Statement J Emerg Med. 2019;9:S43–S46.
SGS is the overall principal investigator (PI) for the database 18. Carius B, Davis WT, Linscomb CD, et al. An analysis of US Af-
rica command area of operations military medical transporta-
from which these data were drawn. SGS performed the data tions, 2008–2018. Afr J Emerg Med. 2020;10(1):13–16.
analysis and drafted the manuscript. JFN, ADF, DGH, and 19. Keenan S, Riesberg JC. Prolonged field care: beyond the “golden
BMC have extensive operational experience at a Role 1 and hour”. Wilderness & Environ Med. 2017;28(2):S135–S139.
provided data interpretation and critical revisions. MAE and 20. Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines. Deployed Medicine.
CDL performed data extraction from the original database in- Published 5 November 2020. https://deployedmedicine.com/
content/40. Accessed 7 March 2021.
cluding identification of the cases presented here. HM is an 21. Pidcoke H, Spinella P, Strandenes LG, et al. Joint Trauma Sys-
Armed Services Blood Program officer who provided critical tem Clinical Practice Guideline (JTS CPG). Published 1 May
revisions. APC and JB are blood and coagulation capability 2018. https://jts.amedd.army.mil/assets/docs/cpgs/JTS_Clinical_
area managers at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research Practice_Guidelines_(CPGs)/Chemical_Biological,_Radiological_
and provided data interpretation and critical revisions. All au- Nuclear_Injury_Part1_Initial_Response_01_May_2018_ID69
.pdf. Accessed 7 March 2021.
thors participated in revising the manuscript and accept re- 22. Pusateri AE, Given MB, Schreiber MA, et al. Dried plasma: state
sponsibility for the final manuscript. of the science and recent developments. Transfusion. 2016;56:
S128–S139.
23. Feuerstein SJ, Skovmand K, Møller AM, Wildgaard K. Freeze-
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