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EPO, whereas presence at 3,000m above sea level may   could improve  return-to-duty times and bolster perfor-
          result in a sharp, almost twofold renal EPO production.    mance. In addition, it will help establish new research
                                                         11
          EPO has been shown to possess multiple neuroprotective   directions in this area, such as those focusing on a bet-
          properties.  EPO was also shown to protect the astro-  ter classification or a new treatment for PTH, PTSD, or
                   12
          glial space by reducing the concentration of extracellular   depression.
          glutamate.  In addition, EPO was shown to be an ef-
                   12
          fective agent protecting and repairing many important   Disclosures
          processes in the nervous system. Furthermore, synthesis
          of EPO in astrocytes could protect them against apopto-  The authors have nothing to disclose.
          genic chemicals or even low oxygen pressure.  Overall,
                                                 12
          EPO is currently viewed as a substance that can sustain   References
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          at high altitude would be essential and could include not   Dr Ismailov is a medical doctor who earned his PhD in injury
          only additional diagnostic procedures but also detailed   and cardiovascular epidemiology from the University of Pitts-
          evaluation for conditions such as PTSD, depression,   burgh. Together with his collaborators from Pacific Institute
          epilepsy, visual disturbance, cognitive functions, hearing   for Research and Evaluation and University of Pittsburgh, he
          loss, tinnitus, memory loss, anxiety, and insomnia. This   conducted the first population-based studies that examined the



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