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Disclosure 10. Knapik JJ, Spiess A, Swedler DI, et al. Systematic review
of the parachute ankle brace for injury risk reduction and
The authors have nothing to disclose. cost benefit. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38:S182–S188.

Disclaimer
The views expressed herein are the views of the authors MAJ (Ret) Knapik began his military life as a wheel vehicle
and do not reflect the official policy of the Department mechanic and later became a medic working at the US Army
of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the US Research Institute of Environmental Medicine. After receiving
government. his doctorate in applied anatomy and physiology from Boston
University, he was commissioned as a Medical Service Corps
officer serving in several operational and research assignments
References before retiring from active service in 1994. After military re-
1. Flanagan EM. Airborne. A combat history of American tirement, Dr Knapik entered civil service, remaining active in
Airborne Forces. New York, NY: Ballantine Books; 2002. military research, programs, and projects and serving at the US
2. Kiel FW. Hazards of military parachuting. Mil Med. 1965; Army Research Laboratory and the US Army Institute of Pub-
130:512–521. lic Health. He retired from civil service in 2011. As a research
3. Gavin JM. Airborne warfare. Washington, DC: Infantry physiologist and epidemiologist, Dr Knapik has performed
Journal Press; 1947. numerous investigations on human physical performance,
4. Tobin WJ, Cohen LJ, Vandover JT. Parachute Injuries. physical training, nutrition, activity-related injuries, injury risk
JAMA. 1941;125:318–321. factors, and interventions to reduce injuries. He has more than
5. Bricknell MCM, Craig SC. Military parachute injuries: a 250 publications in these and other areas. He is a fellow of the
literature review. Occup Med. 1999;49:17–26. American College of Sports Medicine and holds the Order of
6. Knapik JJ, Spiess A, Swedler D, et al. Injury risk factors in Military Medical Merit. He is currently working as a Knowl-
parachuting and acceptability of the parachute ankle brace. edge Preservation Fellow at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008;79:689–694. and Education. E-mail: joseph.j.knapik@JSOMonline.org.
7. Timboe HL. Mass casualty situation: Gallant Eagle 82 air-
borne operations: a case report. Mil Med. 1988;153:198– Ryan Steelman received his master’s degree in public health
202. from the University of Louisville with an emphasis in epidemi-
8. Craig SC, Zugner D, Knapik JJ, Bricknell MCM. Parachut- ology. He works at the US Army Institute of Public Health as
ing injuries during operation Royal Dragon, Big Drop III, an injury prevention epidemiologist. Ryan has assisted with a
Ft Bragg, North Carolina, May 15/16, 1996. Mil Med. number of investigations looking at injury risk factors of air-
1999;164:41–43. borne-related activities. He is also involved in evaluations of
9. Knapik JJ, Craig SC, Hauret KG, Jones BH. Risk factors physical training and interventions to minimize injuries.
for injuries during military parachuting. Aviat Space Envi-
ron Med. 2003;74:768–774.

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