Page 92 - 2026 SMOG

MWD NORMAL PARAMETERS

Figure 2 Occlusion of
cephalic vein.

IVC NOTE:
• Use the cephalic or lateral
saphenous vein for routine blood
sampling, drug administration, and
IV fluid therapy
• Use the external jugular vein for
long-term IV fluid therapy, large-
volume fluid delivery, and repeated
blood sampling
• To access the external jugular vein, Figure 4 Lateral
standard human central venous saphenous vein
Figure 1 Cephalic Figure 3 Cephalic IV catheter kits can be used; the location.
location. catheter placement.
Seldinger technique is most reliable.
(left) Figure 5 Landmark
for IO catheterization on the
upper medial aspect of the
hind leg
(right) Figure 6 Location
for palpation of the femoral
arterial pulse while
dog is standing.
(left) Figure 7 Placement
of ECG electrode pad.

(right) Figure 8 Placement
of human pulse oximeter, finger
probe on tongue.
ECG NOTE PULSE OXIMETRY NOTE
• Canine ECG complexes resemble human • Human pulse oximetry probes (typically finger
complexes with minor variations in key ECG probes) are best placed on the tongue for
intervals and possible inverted T-waves optimal reliability in unconscious, sedated or
• Electrode or ultrasound gel may be required anesthetized MWDs but can also be placed on
between the electrode and footpads to improve the prepuce or vulva.
contact • In conscious dogs, use the ear pinna, lip fold,
or flank skin fold. Although these are not
optimal for pulse oximetry, these alternate sites
generally yield reliable results.

84 • MILITARY WORKING DOG (MWD)