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This protocol was reviewed and approved by the Norwegian peptide-Y concentrations in humans exposed to military survival
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8. Sramek P, Simeckova M, Jansky L, Savlikova J, Vybiral S. Human
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All participants were engaged in normally scheduled Arctic peratures. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;81(5):436–442.
dive operations conducted independently of this research ef- 9. Stocks JM, Taylor NAS, Tipton MJ, Greenleaf JE. Human phys-
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were provided to all potential participants in English and Nor- 10. Castellani JW, Young AJ. Human physiological responses to cold
wegian languages; all participants provided written and verbal exposure: Acute responses and acclimatization to prolonged ex-
consent to take part in the research study. posure. Auton Neurosci. 2016;196:63–74.
11. Castellani JW, Young AJ, Degroot DW, et al. Thermoregulation
Consent for Publication during cold exposure after several days of exhaustive exercise.
All study participants gave their informed consent and signed J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001;90(3):939–946.
informed consent regarding publication of their data included 12. Leppaluoto J, Westerlund T, Huttunen P, et al. Effects of long-
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Acknowledgements 13. Ohno H, Yahata T, Yamashita K, Kuroshima A. Effect of acute
The authors would like to thank the Norwegian Naval Special cold exposure on ACTH and zinc concentrations in human
Operations Command for approval and support of the proj- plasma. Jpn J Physiol. 1987;37(4):749–755.
ect. Carina M. Pautz was supported by a predoctoral grad- 14. Marlinge M, Coulange M, Fitzpatrick RC, et al. Physiological
stress markers during breath-hold diving and SCUBA diving.
uate student award from Dornsife College at the University Physiol Rep. 2019;7(6):e14033.
of Southern California. Lorraine P. Turcotte was supported by 15. Shida A, Ikeda T, Tani N, et al. Cortisol levels after cold exposure
a research grant from the University of Southern California are independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation.
Women in Science and Engineering (WiSE) program. PLoS One. 2020;15(2):e0218910.
16. Laden GD, Purdy G, O’Rielly G. Cold injury to a diver‘s hand
Disclaimer after a 90-min dive in 6 degrees C water. Aviat Space Environ
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I am a military Servicemember or employee of the U.S. Gov- 17. Jones DM, Bailey SP, Roelands B, Buono MJ, Meeusen R. Cold
ernment. This work was prepared as part of my official duties. acclimation and cognitive performance: A review. Auton Neuro-
Title 17, U.S.C. §105 provides that copyright protection under sci. 2017;208:36–42.
this title is not available for any work of the U.S. Government. 18. Jones DM, Roelands B, Bailey SP, Buono MJ, Meeusen R. Impair-
Title 17, U.S.C. §101 defines a U.S. Government work as work ment of exercise performance following cold water immersion
prepared by a military Servicemember or employee of the U.S. is not attenuated after 7 days of cold acclimation. Eur J Appl
Government as part of that person’s official duties. Physiol. 2018;118(6):1189–1197.
19. Zander J, Morrison J. Effects of pressure, cold and gloves on hand
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der work unit no. N1506. The views expressed in this article 20. Riera F, Hoyt R, Xu X, Melin B, Regnard J, Bourdon L. Ther-
are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the offi- mal and metabolic responses of military divers during a 6-hour
cial policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Depart- static dive in cold water. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014;85(5):
ment of Defense, or the U.S. Government. 509–517.
21. Chapin AC, Arrington LJ, Bernards JR, Kelly KR. Thermoregu-
latory and metabolic demands of Naval Special Warfare Divers
The study protocol was approved by the Naval Health Re- during a 6-h cold-water training dive. Front Physiol. 2021;12:
search Center Institutional Review Board in compliance with 674323.
all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of 22. Castellani JW, Young AJ, Kain JE, Rouse A, Sawka MN. Thermo-
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