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Maine 1999 Soccer Still in effect 6. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. 2000
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Despite the relatively limited number of sports currently requir- tal trauma in Pan American Games athletes. Dent Traumatol.
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Council on Access, Prevention, and Interprofessional Relations 10. Dursun E, Harslan YD, Ozgul O, et al. Prevalence of dental
trauma and mouthguard awareness among weekend warrior soc-
specifically recommend that properly fitted MGs be worn in cer players. J Oral Sci. 2015;57(3):191–194.
29 sports and activities. These include acrobatics, baseball, 11. Tiryaki M, Saygi G, Yildiz SO, et al. Prevalence of dental injury
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Conclusions 14. Vucic S, Drost RW, Ongkosuwito EM, et al. Dentofacial trauma
During the 20th century, MGs progressed from a crude device and players’ attitude toward mouthguard use in field hockey: a
used to protect a boxer’s teeth to a much more sophisticated systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:
298–304.
device that can be shaped to the teeth of Soldiers and athletes. 15. Hendrick K, Farrelly P, Jagger R. Oro-facial injuries and mouth-
The US Army regulations currently require commanders to guard use in elite female field hockey players. Dent Traumatol.
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required for football, ice hockey, field hockey, and lacrosse, knowledge concerning dental first-aid among Polish amateur
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Part 2 of this series will examine the evidence that MGs pre- 18. Watts G, Woolard A, Singer CE. Functional mouth protectors for
vent orofacial injuries in sports and exercise. contact sports. J Am Dent Assoc. 1954;49:7–11.
19. Knapik JJ, Marshall SW, Lee RB et al. Mouthguards in sport ac-
Acknowledgement tivities: history, physical properties, and injury prevention effec-
We thank Patricia Bremner, Kristin Goel, and Claudia Cole- tiveness. Sports Med. 2007;37:117–144.
man, who aquired many of the more-difficult-to-obtain refer- 20. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard
practice for care and use of athletic mouth protectors. American
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Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials;
Disclaimer 2000.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the au- 21. Parker K, Marlow B, Patel N, et al. A review of mouthguards: ef-
thors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the fectiveness, types, characteristics and indications for use. Br Dent
Department of Defense, Department of the Army, US Army J. 2017;222(8):629–633.
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ries and the importance of mouthguards. Sports Med. 2014;44:
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is intended only to assist in the identification of a specific 23. Dhillon BS, Sood N, Sood N, et al. Guarding the precious smile:
product. incidence and prevention of injury in sports: a review. J Int Oral
Health. 2014;6(4):104–107.
24. Bergman L, Milardovic-Ortolan S, Zarkvic D, et al. Prevalence of
Disclosure dental trauma and use of mouthguards in professional handball
The authors have indicated they have no financial relation- players. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33:199–204.
ships relevant to this article to disclose. 25. Cetinbas T, Sonmez H. Mouthguard utilization rates during sport
activities in Ankara, Turkey. Dent Traumatol. 2006;222:127–
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