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3. Myburgh JA, Mythen MG. Resuscitation fluids. N Engl J MAJ Powell is a staff intensivist at Womack Army Medical
Med. 2013;369:1243–1251. Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and deputy surgeon, Of-
4. Vincent JL, Weil MH. Fluid challenge revisited. Crit Care fice of Special Warfare.
Med. 2006;34:1333–1337.
5. Brandis K. Fluid physiology, an on-line text. http://www LTC Riesberg is a family medicine physician who is currently
.anaesthesiamcq.com/FluidBook
6. Kramer GC, Michell MW, Oliveria H, et al. Oral and enteral the Special Operations Combat Medic Director at Fort Bragg,
resuscitation of burn shock the historical record and implica- North Carolina. Previous assignments included 3rd Battalion,
tions for mass casualty care. J Burns Wound Care. 2003;2: 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne), and the 528th Sustain-
458–474. ment Brigade (Special Operations) (Airborne).
7. Milner SM, Green WB III, Asuku ME, et al. From cholera
to burns: a role for oral rehydration therapy. J Health Popul COL Keenan is a board-certified emergency medicine physi-
Nutr. 2011;29:648–651. cian, and is currently serving as Command Surgeon, Special
8. Binder HJ, Brown I, Ramakrishna BS, et al. Oral rehydration Operations Command, Europe. He has previously served as
therapy in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Curr Battalion Surgeon in both 1st and 3rd SFG(A), and as Group
Gastroenterol Rep. 2014;16:376–384.
9. Grocott MP, McCorkell S, Cox ML. Resuscitation from hem- Surgeon, 10th SFG(A). He is the coordinator for the SOCOM
orrhagic shock using rectally administered fluids in a wilder- Prolonged Field Care Working Group. E-mail: sean.keenan1
ness environment. Wilderness and Environ Med. 2005;16: .mil@mail.mil.
209–211.
10. Girisgin AS, Acar F, Cander B, et al. Fluid replacement via
the rectum for treatment of hypovolaemic shock in an animal
model. Emerg Med J. 2006;23:862–864.
11. Rochwerg B, Alhazzani W, Sindi A, et al. Fluid resuscitation
in sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann
Int Med. 2014;61:347–355.
12. Delman K, Malek SK, Bundz S, et al. Resuscitation with lac-
tated Ringer’s solution after hemorrhage: lack of cardiac tox-
icity. Shock. 199;6:298–303.
13. US Army Institute of Surgical Research. Joint Theater Trauma
System Clinical Practice Guideline—burn care. http://www
.usaisr.amedd.army.mil/cpgs/Burn_Care_13_Nov_13.pdf
14. Santry HP, Alam HB. Fluid resuscitation: past, present and
the future. Shock. 2010;33:229–241.
15. Medby C. Is there a place for crystalloids and colloids in re-
mote damage control resuscitation? Shock. 2014;41:S47–S50.
16. Saffle JR. The phenomenon of “fluid creep” in acute burn
resuscitation. J Burn Care Res. 2007;28:382–395.
17. Chung KK, Blackbourne LH, Wolf SE, et al. Evolution of
burn resuscitation in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Burn Care
Res. 2006;27:606–611.
18. US Army Institute of Surgical Research. Joint Theater
Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline—management of
patients with severe head trauma. http://www.usaisr.amedd
.army.mil/cpgs/Mgmt_of_Patients_with_Severe_Head_Injury
_16Jun2014.pdf

MAJ Baker is a staff emergency medicine physician at Land-
stuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany. Previous
assignments include Battalion Surgeon, 1st Battalion, 10th
Special Forces Group (Airborne). E-mail: benjamin.l.baker16
.mil@mail.mil.

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