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combat casualties. J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care. 2010; Army Med Dept J. 2011. http://www.cs.amedd.army.mil/
69(Suppl 32). AMEDDJournal/2011AprJun.pdf.
6. Sihler KC, et al. Complications of massive transfusion.
CHEST J. 2010;137.1:209–220.
7. Eleftherios C, Vamvakas EC et al. Transfusion-related Lt Col Le Clerc, 127 Sqn 16 Med Reg RAMC, is a consul-
mortality: the ongoing risks of allogeneic blood trans- tant in emergency medicine, James Cook University Hospital,
fusion and the available strategies for their prevention. Middlesbrough; lecturer in prehospital emergency medicine,
Blood. 2009;113:3406–3417. Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham; and hon-
8. Weaver AE, Eshelby S, et al. The introduction of on-scene orary lecturer, Teesside University and Deputy Medical Di-
blood transfusion in a civilian physician-led pre-hospital rector, The Great North Air Ambulance Service, UK. E-mail:
trauma service. Scand J Trauma Resuscit Emerg Med. simon.leclerc@stees.nhs.uk.
2013;21(Suppl 1):S27.
9. McLennan JV. Derivation and validation of a clinical pre- Lt Col McLennan is a consultant in emergency medicine,
diction rule to predict the likelihood of massive transfu- Emergency Department, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK.
sion in military major trauma. Thesis. 2013. https://www WO Kyle is an emergency nurse and academic fellow, Min-
.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:199960. istry of Defence Hospital Unit Northallerton, and affiliated
10. Eastridge BJ, Salinas J, Wade CE, Blackbourne LH. Hy- with Academic Department Military Emergency Medicine,
potension is 100 mm Hg on the battlefield. Am J Surg. Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham; honorary
2011;202:404–408. lecturer, Teesside University; and prehospital practitioner and
11. Eastridge BJ, Mabry R, Blackbourne LH, Butler FK. We board member (Training Standards), Faculty of Pre-Hospital
don’t know what we don’t know: prehospital data in Care, UK.
combat casualty care. US Army Med Dept J. http://www
.cs.amedd.army.mil/AMEDDJournal/2011AprJun.pdf. LTC Mann-Salinas is a nurse scientist/task area manager at
12. Joint Service Publication 950. Research & audit in De- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston,
Texas.
fence Medical Services. 2014. Ministry of Defence.
13. Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Mechler KK. A prehospital Col Russell is defence consultant advisor in emergency medi-
trauma registry for Tactical Combat Casualty Care. US cine at Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, UK.

52 Journal of Special Operations Medicine Volume 14, Edition 4/Winter 2014