Page 244 - PJ MED OPS Handbook 8th Ed

Disease Region Symptoms Treatment
Malaria Central, South Undulating fever, chills, fatigue, Malarone, Coartem,
Vector: Mosquito America, Africa, tachycardia, tachypnea quinine/doxycycline
Middle East, or for heavy
South Asia resistance/last resort–
chloroquine
Yellow Fever West Africa, Febrile, general malaise, headache, Supportive care
Vector: Mosquito Central Africa, photophobia, lumbosacral pain, Ribavirin – high dose,
East Africa, pain in lower extremities (knees), further study needed
South America flushed skin, reddening of
conjunctiva, tongue can be red at
the tip and sides with white center
Dengue Fever Central America, Acute fever, headache, retrorbital Supportive care
Vector: Mosquito South America, pain, muscle and joint pain, Symptoms typically
West Africa, “break-bone fever” reside within 5–7 days
Central Africa, Hemorrhagic – Life threatening,
East Africa, bleeding from skin, nose, GI system
Southeast Asia
Lassa Fever West Africa Typically occur 1–3 weeks post Supportive care
Vector: Rodents exposure Ribavirin
Person to Person (PTP) Fever, retrosternal pain, sore
throat, back pain, vomiting,
diarrhea
Leishmaniasis Central America, Sand fly bite pruritic, pink papule No treatment for
Vector: sand fly South America, that progresses to Cutaneous uncomplicated
Africa lesions on exposed skin with infection
painless ulceration
Chikungunya Fever Central America, Abrupt fever, malaise, symmetric Supportive care with
Vector: Mosquito South America, polyarthralgia (hands, wrist), anti-inflammatory and
pockets of Africa, maculopapular rash analgesia agents
South East Asia
Chagas Southern US, Mild nonspecific fever, Benznidazole,
Vector: protozoan South America asymptomatic, anorexia, nifurtimox – more
parasite lymphadenopathy, effective in acute
Trypanosma cruzei hepatosplenomegally, romana sign phase

242 n Pararescue Medical Operations Handbook / 8th Edition