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nous return curves with cardiac response curves. Physiol Rev. sequence intubation: contemporary airway management with
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Care. 2005;50(2):262–274; discussion 74. *Correspondence to divemedicpatrick@yahoo.co.uk
18. Miller M, Kruit N, Heldreich C, et al. Hemodynamic response af- 1 Mr Thompson is affiliated with THOR and ATEM Ltd. Dr Hudson
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ter rapid sequence induction with ketamine in out-of-hospital pa- is affiliated with UK National Health Service, Royal Devon & Exeter
tients at risk of shock as defined by the shock index. Ann Emerg NHS Foundation Trust. Dr Convertino is affiliated with US Army
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Med. 2016;68(2):181–8.e2. Institute of Surgical Research, senior scientist for combat casualty
19. Dewhirst E, Frazier WJ, Leder M, et al. Cardiac arrest following care; and director, Battlefield Health & Trauma Center for Human
ketamine administration for rapid sequence intubation. J Inten- 4
sive Care Med. 2013;28(6):375–379. Integrative Physiology. Dr Bjerkvig is affiliated with the Depart-
20. Lockey D, Davies G, Coats T. Survival of trauma patients who ment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hos-
5
have prehospital tracheal intubation without anaesthesia or mus- pital, Helse Bergen, Norway. Dr Eliassen is affiliated with THOR;
cle relaxants: observational study. BMJ. 2001;323(7305):141. and University of Bergen, NORNAVSOC Haraldsplass Hospital.
7
21. Shafi S, Gentilello L. Pre-hospital endotracheal intubation and 6 Dr East ridge is affiliated with UT Health San Antonio. Mr Irvine-
positive pressure ventilation is associated with hypotension and Smith is affiliated with Metro Ambulance Service, Cape Town, South
8
decreased survival in hypovolemic trauma patients: an analysis Africa, Ronin, South Africa. Dr Braverman is affiliated with UT Health
9
of the National Trauma Data Bank. J Trauma. 2005;59(5):1140– San Antonio. Dr Hellander is affiliated with Anesthesia and Critical
1145; discussion 5–7. Care, Swedish Armed Forces; University Hospital of Umeå, Sweden.
22. Heffner AC, Swords DS, Nussbaum ML, et al. Predictors of the 10 Dr Jenkins is affiliated with THOR; and UT Health San Antonio,
complication of postintubation hypotension during emergency Military Health Institute UT Health San Antonio. Dr Rappold is
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airway management. J Crit Care. 2012;27(6):587–593. affiliated with THOR; and Maine Medical Center, Tufts University
23. Kim WY, Kwak MK, Ko BS, et al. Factors associated with the School of Medicine. Dr Gurney is affiliated with Defense Commit-
12
occurrence of cardiac arrest after emergency tracheal intubation tee on Trauma, Joint Trauma System, US Army Institute of Surgical
in the emergency department. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112779. Research (USAISR). Dr Glassberg is affiliated with Israel Defense
13
24. Chou D, Harada MY, Barmparas G, et al. Field intubation in Forces Medical Corps; Bar Ilan University Faculty of Medicine,
civilian patients with hemorrhagic shock is associated with higher Safed, Israel; The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sci-
mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80(2):278–282. ences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps.
25. Fevang E, Perkins Z, Lockey D, et al. A systematic review and 14 Dr Cap is affiliated with US Army Acute Combat Casualty Care,
meta-analysis comparing mortality in pre-hospital tracheal intu- 15
bation to emergency department intubation in trauma patients. US Army Institute of Surgical Research. Dr Ausset is affiliated with
Crit Care. 2017;21(1):192. the Val de Grâce military medical academy; commander of the French
26. Crewdson K, Rehn M, Brohi K, et al. Pre-hospital emergency Military Health Service Schools; and director of the French Military
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anaesthesia in awake hypotensive trauma patients: beneficial or Medical School. Dr Apelseth is affiliated with THOR; Department of
detrimental? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018;62(4):504–514. Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospi-
27. Schwaiger P, Schochl H, Oberladstatter D, et al. Postponing in- tal, Bergen, Norway; and Department of War Surgery and Emergency
tubation in spontaneously breathing major trauma patients upon Medicine, Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services, Oslo, Norway.
emergency room admission does not impair outcome. Scand J 17 Dr Williams is affiliated with THOR; and is director, Global Air
18
Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27(1):80. Medical Operations REVA Air Ambulance. Dr Ward is affiliated
28. Taghavi S, Jayarajan SN, Ferrer LM, et al. “Permissive hypoven- with the departments of Emergency Medicine and Biomedical Engi-
tilation” in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute neering, University of Michigan, Michigan Center for Integrative Re-
Care Surg. 2014;77(1):14–19. search in Critical Care. Dr Shackelford is affiliated with the Joint
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29. Convertino VA, Lye KR, Koons NJ, et al. Physiological compar- Trauma System, Defense Health Agency. Pierre Stroberg is affiliated
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ison of hemorrhagic shock and V O2max: a conceptual frame- with THOR; and Swedish Armed Forces. Dr Vikenes is affiliated
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work for defining the limitation of oxygen delivery. Exp Biol Med with the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland
(Maywood). 2019;244(8):690–701. University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Norway. Dr Pepe is affiliated with
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30. Convertino VA, Ryan KL, Rickards CA, et al. Inspiratory resis- Dallas County Emergency Medical Services. Dr Winckler is affili-
23
tance maintains arterial pressure during central hypovolemia: im- ated with the Department of Emergency Health Sciences/Emergency
plications for treatment of patients with severe hemorrhage. Crit Medicine, UT Health San Antonio; EMS, deputy medical director, San
Care Med. 2007;35(4):1145–1152.
31. Convertino VA, Parquette B, Zeihr J, et al. Use of respiratory Antonio Fire Department; and assistant clinical professor, Department
impedance in prehospital care of hypotensive patients associated of Emergency Health Sciences/ Emergency Medicine, UT Health San
24
with hemorrhage and trauma: a case series. J Trauma Acute Care Antonio. Dr Woolley is affiliated with the Royal Centre for Defence
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Surg. 2012;73(2 suppl 1):S54–S59. Medicine. Dr Enbuske is affiliated with Anesthesia and Critical
32. Convertino VA, Parquette BA, Wampler DA, et al. Use of intra- Care, Swedish Armed Forces, University Hospital of Örebro, Sweden.
thoracic pressure regulation therapy in breathing patients for the 26 Dr De Pasquale is affiliated with THOR; and Operational Medicine
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treatment of hypotension secondary to trauma. Scand J Trauma Consultants. Dr Boffard is affiliated with the Department of Surgery,
Resusc Emerg Med. 2017;25(1):105. University of the Witwatersrand; and is trauma director and academic
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33. Davis DP, Hoyt DB, Ochs M, et al. The effect of paramedic rapid head, Milpark Hospital Academic Trauma Centre. Dr Austlid is af-
sequence intubation on outcome in patients with severe traumatic filiated with The Royal Norwegian Navy Medical Services. Dr Fosse
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brain injury. J Trauma. 2003;54(3):444–453. is affiliated with THOR; and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen,
34. Langhelle A, Lockey D, Harris T, et al. Body temperature of Norway. Dr Asbjørnsen is affiliated with the Department of Anes-
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trauma patients on admission to hospital: a comparison of anaes- thesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen,
thetised and non-anaesthetised patients. Emerg Med J. 2012;29 Norway. Dr Spinella is affiliated with THOR; and is professor of
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(3):239–242. pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Department of Pediatrics, Wash-
ington University in St Louis. Dr Strandenes is affiliated with THOR;
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and Norwegian Armed Forces, Haukeland University Hospital, Ber-
gen, Norway.
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