Page 9 - JSOM Summer 2018

Methods for Early Control of Abdominal Hemorrhage: An As- in the United States, ascaris infections are common in the de-
sessment of Potential Benefit, by Cantle et al., is a single-center veloping world. Details are given by Burnett in Ascariasis.
retrospective study of patients who received a trauma laparot-
omy from 2013 to 2015. Operative reports were reviewed. The Injury Prevention
probable benefit of each of three hemorrhage control methods—
placement of a resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of Part 1 of this series by Knapik and Bedno reviewed the ep-
the aorta (REBOA), injection of intracavitary self-expanding idemiologic evidence for the association between cigarette
foam, and application of the Abdominal Aortic Junctional smoking and injuries and possible biological and psychosocial
Tourniquet (AAJT )—was evaluated for each patient. mechanisms to account for this relationship. In the present ar-
™
ticle, nine criteria are explored to determine if smoking is a
ONGOING SERIES direct cause of injuries (i.e., a causal relationship): Epidemi-
ologic Evidence and Possible Mechanisms for the Association
Canine Medicine
Between Cigarette Smoking and Injuries: Part 2: Is the Rela-
Picture This: Management of Canine Pyotraumatic Der- tionship Between Smoking and Injuries Causal?
matitis (a.k.a., Hot Spot), by Palmer, covers pyotraumatic
dermatitis (a.k.a., hot spot), which is a rapidly developing, Prolonged Field Care
superficial, moist, exudative dermatitis commonly induced
by self-inflicted trauma. “Although not acutely life threat- Nursing Interventions in Prolonged Field Care, by Ostberg and
ening, these lesions are extremely pruritic and distracting colleagues. “This Role 1, prolonged field care (PFC) guideline
and significantly interfere with the canine’s operational ef- is intended to be used after Tactical Combat Casualty Care
fectiveness and ability to stay on task. The review discusses (TCCC) Guidelines when evacuation to a higher level of care
a case, including clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, is not immediately possible. A provider of PFC first must be an
and prognosis.” expert in TCCC. The intent of this guideline is to provide med-
ical professionals who encounter extended casualty evacuation
times in austere environments the evidence-based guidance for
nursing interventions necessary to improve patient outcomes.”
In What’s in a Rash? Viral Exanthem Versus CBRNE Expo-
sure: Teleconsultation Support for Two Special Forces Soldiers
With Diffuse Rash in an Austere Environment, Lee and col-
leagues review clinical thought process and key principles for
diagnosing weaponized chemical and biologic injuries.

Typical bullae
seen on arm
after exposure to
blistering agent
such as mustard.

Preventive Medicine
Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Infections Among Military
Personnel in Georgia, by Chitadze et al., reports on a study
Human Performance Optimization
that was undertaken “with the goal of defining the arthro-
In Dietary Supplements for Musculoskeletal Pain: Science Ver- pod-borne and zoonotic pathogen threat in Georgia so force
sus Claims, Crawford and her team “describe SOF-specific health protection planning can proceed in a rational and
evidence-based recommendations for the use of dietary ingre- data-driven manner. To estimate disease burden, blood was
dients for pain that emerged from a rigorous scientific evalu- taken from 1,000 Georgian military recruits between Oc-
ation. These recommendations are compared with the label tober 2014 and February 2016 and screened for previous
claims made in the commercial market by companies selling exposure to a set of bacterial and viral pathogens using a anti-
products to combat musculoskeletal pain.” body-based, serologic procedure. The highest rate of exposure
was to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, and the lowest rate
of exposure was to Coxiella burnettii (the causative agent of
Infectious Diseases
Q fever). These data provide insight into the prevalence of ar-
Acariasis is one of the most common infections worldwide thropod-borne infections in Georgia, fill a critical knowledge
with an estimated one in seven humans, or 1 billion individuals gap, will help guide future surveillance efforts, and will inform
infected with the parasitic worms. While uncommonly found force health protection planning.”

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