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References                                           9.  Kazemi M. Tuning fork test utilization in detection of fractures: a
          1.  Toney CM, Games KE, Winkelmann ZK, et al. Using tuning-fork   review of the literature. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 1999;43(2):120–124.
            tests in diagnosing fractures. J Athl Train. 2016;51(6):498–499.   10.  Mugunthan K, Doust J, Kurz B, et al. Is there sufficient evidence
          2.  Otter MW, Qin YX, Rubin CT, et al. Does bone perfusion/reperfu-  for tuning fork tests in diagnosing fractures? A systematic review.
            sion initiate bone remodeling and stress fracture syndrome? Med   Br Med J Open. 2014;4:e005238. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014
            Hypothesis. 1999;53:363–368.                        -005238
          3.  Leshko EP. Can tuning forks replace bone scans for identification   11.  Dissmann PD, Han KH. The tuning fork test—a useful tool for
            of tibial stress fractures? Mil Med. 1997;162(12):802–803.   improving  specificity  in  “Ottawa  positive”  patients  after  ankle
          4.  Merck Manual App. Version 2.3. 2016. Accessed September 22,   inversion injury. Emerg Med J. 2006;23:788–790.
            2017.                                            12.  Johnston KD, Baker RT, Baker JG. Use of auscultation and per-
          5.  Weissberg JL. Evaluation of bone-continuity by sound conduction.   cussion to evaluate a suspected fracture. Int J Athl Ther Training.
            Bull US Army Med Dept. 1945;4:471-474.              2013;18(3):1–6.
          6.  Moore MB. The use of a tuning fork and stethoscope to identify
            fractures. J Athl Train. 2009;44(3):272–274.     Recommended Video Tutorials
          7.  Fatima S, Jeilani A, Duha M, et al. Validation of tuning fork test in   Tuning Fork Fracture Test
            stress fractures and its comparison with radionuclide bone scan. J   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTo6Hv0fp9s
            Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2012;24(3–4):180–182.
          8.  Tuling JR. Detection of a radial head fracture by imaging meth-  Tuning Fork Test
            ods versus clinical methods: a case report. J Can Chiropr Assoc.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TYRfdM3zoo
            2000;44(1):34–39.


















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