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and physical health are not simply the absence of illness and   These efforts will continue to evolve, but questions still re-
          cannot be determined solely by the absence of a condition or   main about what are the best practices and what is the efficacy
          event. Future measurement efforts should acknowledge that   of such efforts. New models on how to keep pace with the
          positive and negative metrics are often orthogonal. We also   ever-changing landscape of modern warfare will evolve, but
          need to examine how positive adaptation in the TFF domains   HPO initiatives that encompasses the triple aims, a “left of the
          can lead to cost savings. Metrics that either directly or indi-  bang” orientation, and a holistic POTFF/TFF approach offer
          rectly measure outcomes of interest and reach beyond medical   the most comprehensive way to support SOF and their fami-
          definitions are needed. Table 1 presents hypothetical metrics   lies. The long-term consequences of having implemented such
          across the various stages, from medical care to performance   a framework, in terms of outcomes and cost savings, need to
          based. Each community would drive the list of appropriate   be addressed.
          metrics based on mission goals and unit needs.
                                                             Disclaimer
          Table 1  Comparison of Various Metrics Use Across the Performance-  The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private
          Illness Continuum                                  views of the authors and are not be construed as official or as
               Human       General Health                    reflecting the views of the Uniformed Services University or
             Performance   and Readiness    Medical Care     Department of Defense.
           Expert
           marksmanship     PT pass rates    Depression      Disclosures
           Reaction time    Back strain       Anxiety        The  authors  have  no  financial  relationships  or  conflicts  to
           Unit cohesion  Occupational stress   Osteoarthritis  disclose.
           Focus and      Fatigue measures  Musculoskeletal
           problem solving                     injuries      References
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