Page 19 - JSOM Summer 2020

2016;16(2):21–27 2017;17(2):39–48
Preliminary Comparison of Pneumatic Models of Tourniquet Assessment of Trainer Skill to Control Groin-Wound Bleeding:
for Prehospital Control of Limb Bleeding in a Manikin Model Use of Junctional Tourniquet Models on a Manikin Kragh JF
Gibson R, Aden JK 3rd, Dubick MA, et al. Jr, Aden JK 3rd, Shackelford S, et al.
ABSTRACT Conclusions: All models of tourniquet performed ABSTRACT Conclusion: Effectiveness was attained by all us-
equally well for both the critical outcome of effectiveness and ers with each of the four models of junctional tourniquet. The
the important outcome of pulse stoppage, whereas results for analysis demonstrated that up to 67% of the variance of per-
secondary outcomes (time, pressure, and blood loss) differed formance results could be attributed to the users.
by model. The EMT had best performance for every type of
measurement. 2017;17(3):25–34
Unwrapping a First Aid Tourniquet From Its Plastic Wrapper
2016;16(2):28–35
With and Without Gloves Worn: A Preliminary Study Kragh
Pressures Under 3.8cm, 5.1cm, and Side-by-Side 3.8cm-Wide JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, Lambert CD, et al.
Tourniquets Wall PL, Weasel J, Rometti M, et al.
ABSTRACT Conclusion: In a preliminary study, different
ABSTRACT Conclusions: Side-by-side tourniquets achieve gloves performed similarly when wearers unwrapped a tour-
occlusion at lower pressures than single tourniquets. Addi- niquet from its wrapper. The tourniquet wrappers gave no
tionally, pressure decreases under tourniquets over time; so all visible protection from sunlight, and environmental exposure
tourniquet applications require reassessments for continued destroyed the wrappers.
effectiveness.
2017;17(4):29–36
2016;16(3):21–29
Assessment of User, Glove, and Device Effects on Performance
Evaluation of Models of Pneumatic Tourniquet in Simulated of Tourniquet Use in Simulated First Aid Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK
Out-of-Hospital Use Kragh JF Jr, Aden JK 3rd, Dubick MA 3rd, Lambert CD, et al.
ABSTRACT Conclusion: Each of the three models of pneu- ABSTRACT Conclusion: In simulated first aid with tourni-
matic field tourniquet was 100% effective in stopping sim- quets used to control bleeding, users had major effects on most
ulated bleeding. Among the three models, the EMT showed performance metrics. Glove effects were significant for three
the best or tied for best performance in time to stop bleeding, of eight glove types. Tourniquet device effects occurred only
blood loss, and composite outcomes. All models are suitable with continuous metrics and were often dominated by user
for future field assessment among military users. effects.

2016;16(4):15–26 2017;17(4):37–44
Significant Pressure Loss Occurs Under Tourniquets Within Effects of Distance Between Paired Tourniquets Wall PL,
Minutes of Application Rometti MR, Wall PL, Buising CM, Buising CM, Nelms D, et al.
et al.
ABSTRACT Conclusions: Occlusion pressures are lower for
ABSTRACT Conclusion: Proper initial tourniquet application paired than single tourniquets despite variable intertourniquet
does not guarantee maintenance of arterial occlusion. Tour- distances. Very proximal placement has a pressure advantage;
niquet applications should be reassessed for arterial occlu- however, pairs and very proximal locations may be less likely
sion 5 or 10 minutes after application to be within 5mmHg to maintain occlusion. Increasingly proximal placements also
or 1mmHg of maximal pressure loss. Elastic tourniquets have increase tissue at risk; therefore, distal placements and min-
the least pressure loss. imal intertourniquet distances should still be recommended.

2017;17(1):27–35 2017;17(4):133–137
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Mechanical Testing of Models of Tour- “Evita Una Muerte, Esta en Tus Manos” Program: Bystander
niquet After Environmental Exposure O’Conor DK, Kragh JF First Aid Training for Terrorist Attacks Pajuelo Castro JJ,
Jr, Aden JK 3rd, et al. Meneses Pardo JC, Salinas Casado PL, et al.
ABSTRACT Conclusion: Compared with unexposed control de- ABSTRACT Conclusion: There was a clear improvement in
vices, environmentally exposed tourniquets had worse results in the knowledge of the students after the training when pre-
tests of component damage, effectiveness, and casualty survival. and post-training test scores were compared within the three
groups. The greatest improvement was seen in the citizens/first
2017;17(1):36–44 responders’ group.

Effectiveness of Pulse Oximetry Versus Doppler for Tourni-
quet Monitoring Wall PL, Buising CM, Grulke L, et al. 2018;18(2):36–41
New and Established Models of Limb Tourniquet Compared
ABSTRACT Conclusion: Use of a pulse oximeter to moni-
tor limb tourniquet effectiveness will result in some instances in Simulated First Aid Kragh JF Jr, Newton NJ, Tan AR, et al.
of an undetected weak arterial pulse being present. If a pulse ABSTRACT Conclusions: In simulated first aid with tourni-
oximeter waveform is obtained from a location distal to a quets, better results generally were seen with the C-A-T than
tourniquet, the tourniquet should be tightened. If a pulsatile with the SXT in terms of performance metrics. However, the
waveform is not detected, vigilance should be maintained. degree of difference, when present, was often small.

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