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160. Pope A, French G, Longnecker DE, and the Institute of
Medicine Committee on Fluid Resuscitation for Combat
Casualties. Washington, DC: National Academies of Sci-
ence: 1999. CAPT (Ret) Butler was a Navy SEAL platoon commander
161. Shackford S. Prehospital fluid resuscitation of known of sus- before becoming a physician. He is an ophthalmologist and a
pected traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2011;70:S32–S33. Navy undersea medical officer with over 20 years’ experience
162. Dubose JJ, Kobayashi L, Lozornio A, et al. Clinical ex- providing medical support to Special Operations Forces. Dr
perience using 5% hypertonic saline as a safe alternative Butler has served as the command surgeon for the US Special
fluid in trauma. J Trauma. 2010;68:1172–1177. Operations Command. He is currently the chair of the De-
163. Goertz A, Mehl T, Lindner K, et al. Effect of 7.2% hyper- partment of Defense’s Committee on TCCC and director of
tonic saline/6% hetastarch on left ventricular contractil- Prehospital Trauma Care at the Joint Trauma System.
ity in anesthetized humans. Anesthesiology. 1995;82:
138913–138995. COL (Ret) Holcomb is a trauma surgeon. He was the former
164. Prough D, Whitley J, Taylor C, et al. Regional cerebral commander of the US Army Institute of Surgical Research and
blood flow following resuscitation from hemorrhagic was the Army Surgeon General’s trauma consultant while on
shock with hypertonic saline. Influence of a subdural active duty. He is now the head of the Division of Acute Care
mass. Anesthesiology. 1991;75:319–327. Surgery and the director of the Center for Translational Injury
165. Stanford G, Patterson C, Payne L, Fabian T. Hypertonic Research at the University of Texas Health Science Center at
saline resuscitation in a porcine model of severe hemor- Houston. He is also a member of the American College of
rhagic shock. Arch Surg. 1989;124:733–736. Surgeons Committee on Trauma.
166. Bulger E. 7.5% Saline and 7.5% saline/6% Dextran for
hypovolemic shock. J Trauma. 2011;70:S27–S29. Dr Schreiber is chief of Trauma, Critical Care & Acute Care
167. Battistella FD, Wisner PH. Combined hemorrhagic shock Surgery at Oregon Health & Science University. He is chief of
and head injury, effects of hypertonic saline (7.5%) re- Region X of the Committee on Trauma and a colonel in the
suscitation. J Trauma. 1991;31:182–188. US Army Reserve. He has been deployed three times including
168. Cooper DJ, Miles PS, McDermott FT, et al. Prehospital as the Joint Theater Trauma System Director and is a member
hypertonic saline resuscitation of patients with hyper- of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma.
tension and severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized COL Kotwal is a family medicine and aerospace medicine
controlled trial. JAMA. 2004:291:1352–1357. physician. He is a former command surgeon for the 75th
169. Harvin JA, Mims MM, Duchesne JC, et al. Chasing Ranger Regiment and deputy command surgeon for the US
100%: the use of hypertonic saline to improve early pri- Army Special Operations Command. Until recently, he was the
mary fascial closure after damage control laparotomy. director of trauma care delivery at the Joint Trauma System.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74:426–432.
170. Coimbra R. 3% and 5% Hypertonic saline. J Trauma. Col (Ret) Jenkins is a trauma surgeon. He is currently the di-
2011;70:S25–S26. rector of trauma at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

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