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8.  Callaway DW, Robertson J, Sztajnkrycer MD. Law en-  19.  Rabinovich S. Saving lives in the tactical space: Training to
                 forcement applied tourniquets: A case series of life saving   use tourniquets. http://www.policeone.com/police-products
                 interventions. (Submitted).                        /tactical/tactical-medical/articles/6150110-Saving-lives
                9.  Kragh JF Jr, Walters TJ, Baer DG, et al. Practical use of   -in-the-tactical-space-Training-to-use-tourniquets.
                 emergency tourniquets to stop bleeding in major limb   20.  Kotwal RS, Montgomery HR, Kotwal BM, et al. Elimi-
                 trauma. J Trauma. 2008;64(2 Suppl):S38-S49; discussion   nating preventable death on the battlefield.  Arch Surg.
                 S49-S50.                                           2011;146:1350–1358.
              10.  Kragh JF Jr, O’Neill ML, Walters TJ, et al. Minor mor-  21.  Bulger  EM,  Snyder  D, Schoelles  K,  et  al.  An evidence-
                 bidity with emergency tourniquet use to stop bleeding in   based  prehospital guideline  for external  hemorrhage
                 severe limb trauma: research, history, and reconciling ad-  control: American College of Surgeons Committee on
                 vocates and abolitionists. Mil Med. 2011;176:817–823.  Trauma. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014;18:168–173.
              11.  Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Ball CG, et al. Prehospital intrave-  22.  Jacobs LM, Wade DS, McSwain NE, et al. The Hartford
                 nous fluid administration is associated with higher mor-  Consensus: THREAT, a medical disaster preparedness
                 tality in trauma patients: a National Trauma Data Bank   concept. J Am Coll Surg. 2014; 218:467–475.
                 analysis. Ann Surg. 2014;259:e16.               23.  Evans Z. Over last five weeks, police officers use tourniquets
              12.  Cohen MJ, Kutcher M, Redick B, et al; PROMMTT    to save three lives. Courier Press.com. http://www.courier
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              13.  del Junco DJ, Holcomb JB, Fox EE, et al; PROMMTT
                 Study Group. Resuscitate early with plasma and platelets   Dr Robertson is resident physician in emergency medicine
                 or balance blood products gradually: findings from the   and member of the Division of Operational and Disaster Med-
                 PROMMTT study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;75(1   icine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical
                 Suppl 1):S24–S30.                               Center, Charlotte, North Carolina.
              14.  Kutcher ME, Kornblith LZ, Narayan R, et al. A para-
                 digm shift in trauma resuscitation: evaluation of evolv-  Dr McCahill is a fellow in the Division of Operational and
                 ing massive transfusion practices. JAMA Surg. 2013;148:   Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Caro-
                 834–840.                                        linas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina.
              15.  Alonso-Serra HM, Delbridge TR, Auble TE, et al. Law
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                 Ann Emerg Med. 1997;29:497–503.                 Department Central Division and active member of the CMPD
              16.  Husain S, Eisenberg M. Police AED programs: A system-  SWAT team.
                 atic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2013;84:
                 1184–1191.                                      Dr Callaway is director of the Division of Operational and
              17.  Band RA, Pryor JP, Gaieski DF, et al. Injury-adjusted   Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Caro-
                 mortality of patients transported by police following pen-  linas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina. He sits on
                 etrating trauma. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18:32–37.  the Defense Health Board Trauma and Injury Subcommittee.
              18.  Sztajnkrycer MD. Needle thoracostomy by non-medical
                 law enforcement personnel: preliminary data on knowl-
                 edge retention. Prehosp Dis Med. 2008;23:553–557.
































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