Page 140 - 2026 SMOG

RINGER’S LACTATE (LACTATED RINGER’S)
Class
• Isotonic crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action
• Replaces water and electrolytes
Indications
• Hypovolemic shock; keep IV open. Standard burn resuscitation
Contraindications
• Should not be used in the same line with blood components. Use with caution for intravascular
volume replacement for hemorrhagic shock due to hemodilution and exacerbation of
coagulopathy. Use with caution in patients with known congestive heart failure and kidney
disease.
Adverse Reactions
• Rare
Drug Interactions
• Few in the pre-hospital emergency setting.
Dosage and Administration
• Hypovolemic shock; titrate according to the patient’s physiological response. Burn
resuscitation: use the Rule of 10s to calculate infusion rate. (See appropriate Guidelines)

DEXTROSE 5% IN WATER (D5W)
Class
• Hypotonic dextrose-containing solution
Mechanism of Action
• D5W provides nutrients in the form of dextrose as well as free water.
Indications
• IV diluent for certain emergency drugs; for dilution of concentrated drugs for intravenous
infusion.
Contraindications
• Not for use as a fluid replacement for hypovolemic states.
Adverse Reactions
• Rare
Drug Interactions
• None
Dosage and Administration
• Dependent on the drug being administered.

132 • MEDICATIONS